Multi-Sensory Instruction in Math for Special Education

Love in a Fallen City - 700 Words

â€Å"Love in a Fallen City† written in 1943 by Chinese writer Eileen Chang(1920-1995). Eileen Chang is one of the most writers of twentieth- century in China. She was born into an aristocratic family in Shanghai. Chang’s grandfather is Hang peilun who is son in law to Li hongzhang, an influential official in Qing dynasty. Her grandmother Li juyu is the oldest daughter of Li hongzhang. Chang studied literature at the university of Hong Kong. However, in 1941 Japanese attacked on Shanghai, and she had to returned to occupied Shanghai. At that time, she was able to publish some stories and essays which made her to be a literary star. But, due to some reason that The rise of Communist influence made a difficult for her to stay in Shanghai, and she†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they meet in a hotel to infight who will first hunting each other’s heart. However, this just a silent war and no results and no progress between their relationship. Then, Bai liusu decides to go back to Shanghai and hopes that Fan liuyuan will follow her to go there. But during that time, Japanese military occupied her hometown, and at that life-and-death matter’ time Fan liuyuan trying to protect Bai liusu, then they fall in love with each other and vow solemnly. Many readers think Bai liuses suffering is similar to Eileen Changs experience when she was young. And Eilleens fallen is started from the time when she born. That way, Bai liusu has a poor family and when Eileen born, her whole family already declined. However, Eilleens parents marital status also conform with Bai liusu who is a divorced womans identity. During this situation, Eileens character become cold and introvert. She seldom talk with people, and she have a major emotional upset. So, she use Bai liusu to be her character to show her inner thought. In this story, Eilleen focus more on Bai liusus tear and her inner thought which can let reader know Bai liusu insists more is financial security and true love is not important to Bai liusu. And she has no hope from love. Bai liusu just an ordinary selfish women at time time. Fan liuyuan a playboy who put the woman as his mud under his feet. He does not want to gain love from any women. He hunts love by some purposes, and he areSho w MoreRelatedAnalyses of Love in a Fallen City and the Golden Cangue Essay2315 Words   |  10 PagesA Woman’s Position in the Family: Analyses of Love in a Fallen City and The Golden Cangue For the bulk of the mid- to late-20th Century, Eileen Chang’s name and literary prowess fell into obscurity as a result of events related to the Cultural Revolution and her own reclusion. In C.T. Hsia’s A History of Modern Chinese Fiction, he praised Chang for her use of rich imagery and profound exploration of human nature.† In his book, he also claimed Chang to be â€Å"the best and most importantRead MoreHow Olympus Has Fallen Made Similar Strides For Success1166 Words   |  5 PagesFor a world fearful of terrorism, we sure do love to watch mad men run amok in a fictional capacity - and do so in epic fashion. Usually it’s aliens devastating the world’s largest cities, but on occasion, it’s nothing more than a evil-doer with a vision. Popular films, like Die Hard, Air Force One, and Speed have previously created concentrated environments for terrorists to thrive with their grandiose, sinister schemes - creating timeless heroes and memorable climaxes in the process. And, whileRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Trojan War 872 Words   |  4 Pagesof Troy Paris, fell in love with the world most beautiful woman, Helen. Upon his depart Paris decide to kidnap the queen of the Greeks, and take her with him to his homeland of Troy. Seeing this as an excellent opportunity to bring down the great wall of Troy Agamemnon decide it was best to wage war. King Menelaus, Helen husband at that time and king of Greek feel with such anger he agreed with his brother Agamemnon plan. He gave two order bring back Helen, and burn the city of Troy. This led AgamemnonRead MorePericles Funeral Oration628 Words   |  3 Pagesthey saw the warriors as a ring of the higher circle of the society. The Athenians were very proud of Athena and its traditions, as well. Athenian’s thought that Athena was the best, none could be better. The funeral oration was aimed to respect the fallen as well as to keep up the national pride and it s passion to protect their nation. The speech was a eulogy which focused on the eminence of Athens and its predecessors. Usually a son was chosen to give the eulogy. The law required the speech to haveRead MoreI Had Known George For As Long As I Could Remember1306 Words   |  6 Pagespushed me through the ice when we were ten or the time he locked me out of the house during a thunderstorm when we were fifteen, it wasn’t until he left that we fell in love. George had been drafted in the war when we were 18, and while he was gone he wrote me letters. Through the letters I saw a different side of George and I fell in love with him. He was poetic and kind. We wrote letters back and forth for the entire two years he was gone and started dating not long after he returned. And not longRead MoreThe Sky - Original Writing882 Words   |  4 Pages The sky was silent. Leslie watched it, trying to see the stars beyond the red smog. The cabin was far from the city, but the noises and the lights still carried across the river. She didn’t notice, she only watched the sky. There was nothing between her and the starless sky and the red smog. Paul came out onto the porch, she knew it was him before she turned and saw his shadow in the soft, yellow light. The floorboards creaked softly as he came across the porch and settled into the chair nextRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1433 Words   |  6 Pagesto live in. We’ve lived from the smallest of towns to big city places and all around Texas but I’ve never complained because i love to move around and meet new souls as my dad said. Originally living in Houston, i got used to the city never sleeping but once the moving began i changed my mind quickly. From all the places i’ve had the pleasure of living in, there is one thing i have learned from my travels as we’ve finally stopped in a city like town, nothing beats living in the country. It was myRead MoreEmilys Rose Essay652 Words   |  3 Pagesknown. Years of solitude couldn’t change her reputation. Emily obviously lived a sad and lonely life. Her father had taken every hope for love from her because of the regarded â€Å"August† name. I believe because of her father’s death and the sweetheart who deserted her, she realized that she had one last chance to form a new life, and she had a new chance for love (or just companionship). When she reappears after the burial of her father, she has a new look of a young girl. I believe this was Emily’sRead MoreMortal Instruments1394 Words   |  6 PagesClarissa Clary Fray (also referred to as Fairchild and Morgenstern) is described to have long, curly red hair and bright green eyes. She is very small and thin and often viewed as younger than she actually is. Clary is an artist and in the first book, City of Bones, she believes she is a mundane, or a human without angelic powers. It is later r evealed she is in fact a Shadowhunter, or a human with angelic qualities. Clary is described as being incredibly stubborn and often rushes into dangerous situationsRead MoreHelen Of Troy And Greek Mythology1179 Words   |  5 Pagesreturn and eventually Menelaus brother of Agamemnon become the victor. All the suitors who tried to court Helen were bound by an oath to assist, in case Helen was abducted again in the future. Marrying Menelaus, king of Sparta Helen became queen to the city of Sparta. Paris the prince of Troy was visiting Sparta for the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. However Eris the goddess of discord was not invited which infuriated her so she dropped a golden apple from the garden of the Hesperides which had â€Å"To the

Dark knight free essay sample

The Dark Knight is a 2008 action hero film co-written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is Nolan’s second film based around the DC Comics character Batman, and the film is the sequel to the 2005 film, Batman Begins. Christian Bale returns to play the role of Bruce Wayne, the billionaire who defends Gotham City as Batman. Other returning cast members include Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox, Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, and Gary Oldman as James Gordon. The film introduces new characters, including Heath Ledger as the Joker, and Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent. The Dark Knight received highly-positive reviews and, with revenue of over $1 billion, is the eleventh highest-grossing film of all time. The Dark Knight is set in the fictional Gotham City. Here, a new villain called the Joker robs a bank with his small band of accomplices. The Joker kills his gang and leaves the bank in a school bus alone. Batman sets out to find the Joker with the help of Lieutenant James Gordon and the new district attorney Harvey Dent. The Joker tells Gotham City that he will begin to kill people each day that Batman does not reveal his identity. Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and a judge are both killed by the Joker, and he tries to assassinate Mayor Garcia at Loeb’s memorial service; however, Lieutenant Gordon is hit with the bullet and it seems that he dies. Bruce Wayne plans to reveal his identity as Batman, but Harvey Dent publicly names himself as Batman to protect Wayne. Later, Lieutenant Gordon helps to apprehend the Joker as he chases Harvey Dent, who he believes to be Batman, across Gotham City. Batman questions the Joker to find that Dent and Wayne’s childhood friend, Rachel Dawes, have both been kidnapped. The Joker tells Batman that they are each in a separate building filled with explosives and that there is only enough time to save one of them. Batman finds Dent, but the bombs are detonated, leaving Dawes dead and half of Dent’s face charred. The Joker later visits Dent in the hospital and convinces him to seek revenge for Dawes’ death. Dent uses a â€Å"lucky coin† to decide the fates of several people involved in Dawes’ death and kills a few politicians and mobsters. Batman tracks the Joker using a city-wide tracking device and finds him. The  Joker believes he has won because the people of Gotham City will lose hope when they hear of Dent’s killing spree. Batman goes after Dent, who lures Gordon into the building where Dawes was killed. Batman tackles Dent over the building, resulting in Dent’s death but leaving Batman unharmed. Batman convinces Lieutenant Gordon to hold him publicly responsible for Dent’s death so that the public will still see Dent a s a hero to the city. Batman is hunted, but he escapes. Character design is very important and noticeable in The Dark Knight. The Joker’s looks reflect his personality in that he does not care much for himself or his appearance. He is shown as a scruffy, dirty man, and his appearance portrays the fact that he is evil and corrupt. The Joker’s make-up blends with his face to look natural, accenting the psychopathic mind of the villain. Two-Face’s appearance was designed using motion capture markers and computer generated images. Nolan did not want to use make-up for Two-Face because it would look unrealistic. The final product is the haunting image of a man with a half-burned face. Many of the camera shots in The Dark Knight are moving shots. In the fundraiser scene, for example, the Joker is followed by a long, somewhat shaky shot to help portray his unstable personality. The consistent movement of the camera adds to the action of the film, leaving viewers entertained and keeping their attention. When the Joker confron ts Rachel Dawes at the fundraiser, the camera spins around the two, building the intensity of the scene. Rather than using a standard shot-reverse-shot to show what is happening between the Joker and Dawes, the camera circles around them, providing a shot of not only the Joker’s knife to Dawes’ throat, but the Joker’s gang in the background ruining the party for everyone else. Camera angles and movements are well-used throughout The Dark Knight to create gripping scenes. Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight is an excellent example of good character design and good camera usage. The Dark Knight Film Analysis Kevin Franklin The Dark Knight is a 2008 action hero film co-written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is Nolan’s second film based around the DC Comics character Batman, and the film is the sequel to the 2005 film, Batman Begins. Christian Bale returns to play the role of Bruce Wayne, the billionaire who defends Gotham City as Batman. Other returning cast members include Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox, Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, and Gary Oldman as James Gordon. The film introduces new characters, including Heath Ledger as the Joker, and Aaron Eckhart as Harvey Dent. The Dark Knight received highly-positive reviews and, with revenue of over $1 billion, is the eleventh highest-grossing film of all time. The Dark Knight is set in the fictional Gotham City. Here, a new villain called the Joker robs a bank with his small band of accomplices. The Joker kills his gang and leaves the bank in a school bus alone. Batman sets out to find the Joker with the help of Lieutenant James Gordon and the new district attorney Harvey Dent. The Joker tells Gotham City that he will begin to kill people each day that Batman does not reveal his identity. Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and a judge are both killed by the Joker, and he tries to assassinate Mayor Garcia at Loeb’s memorial service; however, Lieutenant Gordon is hit with the bullet and it seems that he dies. Bruce Wayne plans to reveal his identity as Batman, but Harvey Dent publicly names himself as Batman to protect Wayne. Later, Lieutenant Gordon helps to apprehend the Joker as he chases Harvey Dent, who he believes to be Batman, across Gotham City. Batman questions the Joker to find that Dent and Wayne’s childhood friend, Rachel Dawes, have both been kidnapped. The Joker tells Batman

Designing of Dollars free essay sample

Designing of Dollars Great product design is absolutely critical for most consumer products companies. But how do these companies know when a design feature will pay off, especially when every dollar counts? How so they make those tough decisions? That is the challenge that faced Chuck Jones, chief designer for home appliance company Whirlpool. He knew he had to come up with a better way. Chuck’s realization that the whole process of making design decisions needed to be improved came after a meeting with Whirlpool resource allocation team. Chuck wanted to add some ornamentation to a Kitchen Aid refrigerator that was being redesigned, but it would have added about US$5 in extra cost. When the team asked him to estimate the return on investment (that is, would it pay off financially to add this cost? ), he could not give them any data. His â€Å"trust me, I am a designer† argument did not sway them either. We will write a custom essay sample on Designing of Dollars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chuck resolved to improve the approach to investing in design. His first step was to survey other â€Å"design-centric† companies, including BMW, Nike, and Nokia. Surprisingly, only a few had a system for forecasting return on design. Most of them simply based future investments on past performance. Chuck said, â€Å"No one had really figured this stuff out. † With so many smart, talented people in the field, why had no one been able to come up with a good way to make those decisions? According to two accounting professors, one reason is that it is incredibly difficult to discern design’s contribution from all the other business functions (marketing, manufacturing, distribution, etc. ). And even the design profession could not agree on how to approach this problem. Despite the obstacles, Chuck continued his quest to find a way to objectively measure the benefits of design. What he eventually concluded was that a focus on customer preferences would work better than a focus on bottom-line returns. If his team could objectively measure what customers want in a product and then meet those needs, the company could realize financial returns. Chuck’s design team created a standardized company-wide process that puts design prototypes in front of customer focus groups and then gets detailed measurements of their preferences about aesthetics, craftsmanship, technical performance, ergonomics, and usability. They chart the results against competing products and the company’s own products. This metrics-based approach gives decision makers a baseline of objective evidence from which to make investment decisions. Design investment decisions are now based on fact, not opinion. The â€Å"new† decision-making approach has transformed the company’s culture and led to bolder designs because the designers can now make a strong case for making those investments. Discussion Questions: 1. Would you characterize product design decisions as structured or unstructured problems? 2. Describe and evaluate the process Chuck went through to change the way design decisions were made. Describe and evaluate the company’s new design decision process. 3. What criteria does Whirlpool’s design team use in design decisions? What do you think each of these criteria involves? Sources: B. Breen, â€Å"No Accounting for Design,† Fast Company, February 2007, pp. 38-39; and R. Siegel, â€Å"Meet the Whirlwind of Whirlpool,† Business Week online, www. businessweek. com

Faulkner Barn Burning free essay sample

In the story, â€Å"Barn Burning,† Faulkner explores southern social themes, what happens when individuals lose their connection to this society and its values, and the significance of the â€Å"barn burning† phenomena, and how psychologically stimulating it is to Abner, and how this affects his son Sarty. â€Å"Barn Burning was written in the early1930s this was a decade of the Great Depression and social and economic turmoil. This story offers readers insight into the years of the early South. In these readings, society is blamed for Abner’s s barn burning, rebellious personality (Loges). He is struggling against the oppressive economic restraints placed on him, and at the same time represents the new face of the South, rising against the old aristocratic order (Loges). The second courtroom scene in which de Spain exacts a payment of twenty bushels of corn against your crop for the ruined rug can be discussed in the context of de Spains use of the words contract and commissary. We will write a custom essay sample on Faulkner Barn Burning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The economic and legal authority exerted by the owner in this system of repressive, old-fashioned privilege which creates the near impossibility of the tenants ever getting out from under will then become more understandable for readers to grasp the context and comprehend what was going on in the 1930s. This illustrates the oppressive factor going on with Sarty and Mr. Snopes as well as many other poverty-stricken individuals during that time. The contrast between the de Spain mansion and the Snopes tenant farmer shack highlights the terrible divide between owner and tenant in the 30s. Here in Barn Burning the small, impoverished and illiterate ten-year-old boy, ill-nourished on cold food and dressed in clean but faded, patched jeans, has experienced home as a succession of identical unpainted two room houses, tenant farmer hovels, for the Snopeses have moved a dozen times through poor country. What was more evident to me of the social divide, was very prominent in the 1930s was the class distinction. Especially in the encounter at the white aristocrats mansion, which draws attention to the superior status of the black house servant over the poor white tenant farmer. Here the finer quality of the blacks attire, his position within the house, and his power to deny the white entrance heighten the racial tensions. Poor white sweat may mix with nigger sweat. The quality of life of the poor whites and that of the blacks are too similar: whites may now claim a racial superiority but not class superiority. Poor whites, too, can be owned as blacks were. The racial element in the doorway encounter only fuels the fathers rage all the more. The black servant who obviously holds a superior position in the doorway challenges his supposed supremacy as a white man. The blacks appearance and his authoritarian position over Snopes within the confines of the house mock the Synopses claims to racial superiority. Mississippis was one of the poorest states in the 1930s, a state with an unmatched record of racial atrocities, a state where poor whites and blacks scraped at the bottom of the economic barrel, and where the racial tensions exploded in rage and violence. These historic facts can lead to a clearer understanding of why Abner Snopes acts as he does here. Yet equally the cluster of words like ruthless, bloodless, stiff, cut from tin, and iron like surrounding Abner Snopes suggests the metallic, inhuman, mechanical identity Faulkner also recognizes in Snopes. Any love, pity, and compassion are now gone from the father; only the frozen ferocity and the cold, dead voice remain. In Abner Snopes Faulkner captures the toll to the human spirit that the oppression, deprivation, and injustice of the Great Depression exacted. Furthermore, the relentless defiance by the underclass extracts an even greater human cost. The situation and system dehumanize the individual in ways that Abner Snopes graphically exemplifies. Abner  Snopes, a rebellious sharecropper with a â€Å"barn burning† past, is the main character who acts as antagonist in the story while being a victim in his mind. Abner  Snopes, who was a thief and coward even before the end of the Civil War,  is  now isolated from his previous pride, identity, and sense of self by the new equality and values that invade his world. As a result,  Snopes  feels free to completely blame the world for his actions, and violates moral rules without regret in the society he no longer accepts. Abner is a violent and primitive force of destruction. When interacting with his family he is emotionless and stiff. Snopes’ physical presence fully reflects the inner corruption and love of revenge that he embodies. His leg, shot in the war when he was stealing confederate horses for personal profit, drags lamely behind him, an external indicator of his warped inner life. Because Snopes is solely unable to express himself articulately or intelligently, his sole remedies for self-expression are violence and cruelty. These tactics have overtaken his worldview so completely that they have infused his sense of who he is. He compensates for these shortcomings by being a silent tyrant, ruling his family with threats and the promise of violence, as well as by destroying the livelihood of those individuals he believes have insulted him by way of fire. From the beginning of the story Abner rejects society’s values. During the Civil War, he doesn’t not fight alongside the Confederate Army; instead (never admits to) but shows his selfishness of stealing from both sides for his own gain. When he tries to escape on a stolen horse a policeman shoots him in the heel, the policeman representing â€Å"society. He does not like upward mobility of â€Å"rich† society it is evident in the passage â€Å"Pretty and white, aint it? †¦ Thats sweat. Nigger sweat. Maybe it aint white enough to suit him yet. He wants to mix some white sweat with it. (969) By tracking poop on the de Spain rug Abner is sending a powerful message to de Spain. Abner shows him just what he thinks of a man who gets ri ch on the sweat of the poor. There is something admirable about that Unfortunately, Abners class war has devastating consequences on his family. They live in terror and fear of Abners next strategic fight against power and privilege. Abner’s  impotent rage and search for vengeance push him to lash out violently at almost anyone with whom he comes in contact, but his actions are framed (in his mind) as revenge, not as evil. His method of destruction comes in the form of fire, which he uses to threaten, not to kill. Snopes’ does not use fire to kill because he still has to participate in society, and in his mind he is always the victim, not a criminal: barn burning is justice in his mind, and  Snopes’ still sees himself as a man forced to function in a corrupt world. His method is to allow a situation to provoke, create an imagined wrong,  then  conveniently forget that he started the situation, so that he might vent with barn burning in the name of symbolically righting all the wrongs done to him in life. From the small fires made at camp to the larger ones that burn down barns, Abner is the boss. Abner  as a fiercely independent spirit who flouts aristocratic oppression. Abner  tyrannizes his wretched family mercilessly; adheres selfishly to his own designs, heedless of his familys welfare; and squelches any attempt for social reform or communal identity (Ford). From this passage stated by Ford that hates the predicament that he is currently in and is almost compelled to lash out in the very distinct act of barn burning. Not even evaluating what this does to his family let alone their personal welfare. According to Loges, the narrator suggest that the fire to Abner, has mystical powers â€Å"the element of fire spoke to some deep mainspring of his father’s being, as the element of steel or of powder spoke to other men, as the one weapon for the preservation of integrity, else breath were not worth the breathing, and hence to be regarded with respect and used with discretion†(966). This suggests strongly that without fire, Abner would feel completely powerless and out of control. Fire is the one thing in his life he can control, and use to kind of heal the wounds of his depressed ego. Furthermore, Fire to Snopes represents his powerlessness and his quest for power and self-expression. Snopes and Sarty’s relationship is not of a normal father-son relationship filled with love, respect, loyalty and admiration. From the beginning you can conclude that their relationship lacks all except the loyalty, which I feel Sarty has for his father only because of the fear of consequence for not obeying his fathers orders. During the scene at the De Spain mansion you really get a sense of who he is, because this is when you read his inner most thoughts. Interestingly, the first thing the mansion reminds him of is a courthouse (965). This suggests that Sarty has not only seen a real courthouse, but also that he has some positive feelings about the  legal  system, which his father is so adept at thwarting. The mansion gives Sarty a sense of peace and dignity (965). In Sartys experience the legal process of justice is messy and unfair and has little to do with peace and dignity. Sarty thinks the mansion will shield the de Spain barn from being burned. Not only that, but the sight of the mansion might even change his father so that he doesnt even want to burn barns anymore. That gets more to the heart of the matter. Sarty doesnt understand that the southern mansion was probably built on activities worse than barn burning, but he knows it wasnt built by living the way his father lives. Unlike anything hes ever seen, the mansion represents an extreme  alternative  to his fathers way of life. Sartys reaction paints him as naive. Even as he watches his deliberately father track horse poop on the de Spains white rug, destroying all that peace and dignity with one move, he holds out hope. Still, when Sarty sees his father treated with contempt by de Spain, he realizes that maybe there is more to the mansion than meets the eye. This growing awareness allows Sarty to sympathize with his father, at least for a time. The experience of living by the de Spains mansion is a positive experience, event though Sartys idealization of the mansion ultimately vanishes. It reminds him that there are many alternatives in between the two-room shack and the mansion, and gives him reason to hope. Though  Snopes  feels no remorse in what he does, society will eventually not stand for his blame game as justification for his barn burnings. Abner  Snopes’ son,  Sarty, is a firsthand witness to the next barn burning and is put in the role of societal judge. Sarty  is caught in a moral dilemma, pulled between the values of the community and his loyalty to his father. Rather than inherit the alienated condition of his father,  Sarty  chooses society, turning his father in to plantation owner Major De Spain. Sarty  realizes what  Abner  Snopes  does not: you can function at the edge of a society, defy a society and violate a community’s rules to a point because you feel you are a special case, specifically a victim, but you cannot escape responsibility forever. Society now will remove Snopes’ delusional, selfish, victim-seeking-revenge status and force him to face reality: he is a petty evil man who rejecting, but still working in society, must now face real laws and punishment for his â€Å"blame game† justified crimes.

The Art of Candlemaking essays

The Art of Candlemaking essays Have you ever had a horrible day? Have you ever tried to set the mood, but it just wasnt right? The solution to these problems is simple. According to Rathborne Candles, the lighting of a few candles would have fixed both situations. I have found solace in candles, and would like to share the wealth. Therefore, today I would like to tell you all about the three major steps in creating hand carved candles: the dipping process, the carving process, and the finishing process. But, before I do this, I would like to give you a brief summary of the history of candles. The candle is the oldest source of supplying light, with references of candles dating back to ancient times as early as 3000 BC. Although the history of candles is not recorded, it is believed that the Egyptians produced the first candles by dipping reeds into animal fat. According to the International Guild of Candle Artisans, evidence of candle holders from as early as the fourth century B.C. have been found in Egypt, and there are several references to candles in the Bible. The smelly animal fat candles were replaced by paraffin wax candles around the 15th century according to waxed out.com. Other materials used to make candles were beeswax and spermaceti, made from the heads of sperm whales. Although beeswax is still used today, neither it or spermaceti would survive as well as paraffin. The actual art of hand carving candles originated in Germany according to soap and candles.com. It was brought to America in the nineteenth century by German immigrants, and I will now tell you how these beautiful candles are made. The first step is the dipping process. Before the dipping process can begin, the color combination of the candle must be chosen. Also, the colored wax must be heated to 175 degrees. A pre-made star shaped mold is tied to a hook and dipped into the major color of the candle. The first dip last about 45 seconds. This is done to heat the ...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 399

Assignment Example Eventually, I realized that I could competently rehearse the notations from the book to the physical environment by playing the right keys of the piano. It is apparent that playing the piano as a music instrument requires the devotion and intelligence of every participant. During the â€Å"Light Bulb† experience, one would acknowledge the essence of enforcing intellectual variations to acquaint slow learners, mid-range individuals, and the competent group with varied tasks that would ease the process of learning. The class session would evoke competence among the majority group of students if the instructor would appreciate the contribution of every student. Further, the evaluation of one’s cultural and lingual background would empower instructors with the ideal approaches in training different groups of students to emulate the ideal notations to the physical environment. The course presented different aspects of acquiring music through the workshop training sessions that were informative on different musical orientations. The unprecedented variations in playing Asian, African, and American among other social systems’ musical notations among through the piano provoked an understanding of the psychological events that revolve around a person’s mind in playing and depicting competence choreography classes of music. However, instructors should critical in predicting the extent at which a student would learn the different notations fast over another, as such would contribute to professionalism and competence in the

Biographical essay on General William O. Darby for a Arkansas History

Biographical on General William O. Darby for a Arkansas History class - Essay Example He gradually became cadet company commander and Darby, though later was known to be one of the greatest infantrymen that the country had ever seen, graduated from West Point in June 1933 as a second lieutenant with artillery as his choice of career. From west point he later was assigned for duty in the 82nd field artillery which belonged to the 1st cavalry division and was stationed in Fort Bliss, Texas. At the time that Darby joined the division, it was the only artillery unit remaining in the army which was on horse back. After serving some time there he was promoted to the rank of captain in October of 1940 and thereafter received amphibious training. Darby was soon assigned to be the aide-de-camp to Major General Russell P. Hartle who was the commander of the thirty-fourth infantry division2. Soon the bombing by the Japanese of Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to the deployment of the division to Northern Ireland in January of 1942 and Darby was also deployed. In Northern Ireland Darby was to meet General Lucian K. Truscott, who was put in charge of acquiring volunteers from the 34th infantry and the 1st armored division for the establishment of a new unit of elite commandos. These were to be acquired from the already thin contingency of troops who were in the United Kingdom at the time which was not much to work with. Furthermore, the new unit did not have any commanding officer and through one sly maneuver on the part of the chief of staff of the division at the time, Colonel Edmond Leavey3 Darby was given the opportunity to be the new commander of the Rangers. In no time Darby was the new commanding officer of his small number of soldiers who were then dubbed as Darby’s Rangers. William Darby was then promoted to the rank of a major and after the official setting up of the United States first army ranger battalion in 1942 he was made its commanding

Should the government have a say on what we eat Research Paper

Should the government have a say on what we eat - Research Paper Example Indeed, this happens to be a very divisive question. There are health experts who support a direct state intervention in the dietary choices made by the people. Yet, there are also groups and bodies who believe that government should have no say in what people eat. Pragmatically speaking, government should not have any say at all in what people eat because government has no right to interfere in the decisions people make, and if government really wants to help people eat healthy, it can do say without opting for a direct intervention. Government should not have any say in the food people eat because government has not right to interfere in expression of the free will of the people (Caplan 175). In any thriving democracy, too much government interference in lives of the people is not good. This trend if allowed to gain grounds could certainly lead to a diminishing of the rights of the people (Caplan 175). The government should not have any right to dictate as to what the tax payers or ordinary citizens should eat. People do have the wisdom and the maturity to decide as to what they and their families need to eat. Diet of people happens to be a social issue and not a legal issue. One of the primary roles of the government is to make new laws. Hence, government does not need to pose interference in an issue that happens to be more of a social problem and not a legal issue. Besides, the purpose of any effective government is not to define the lives of the people, but to assure that people are able to live their lives the way they want to. The other thing is that if the government is allowed to have a say in what people eat, the state may surpass this power to interfere with each and every aspect of the people’s life. This is not good for democracy. There does need to be a limit as to how much the government is allowed to interfere in the lives of the people. Telling people what to

Benefits of Flexible Working Hours

Benefits of Flexible Working Hours 6. Literature Review 6.1 Definitions Janssen and Nachreiner (2004) defined Flexible Working Hours as involving a continuous choice on behalf of employers, employees or both, regarding the amount (chronometry) and the temporal distribution (chronology) or working hours. â€Å"Arrangements that allow employees to have a more variable schedule as opposed to complying with the standard 8-hour workday† (Janssen and Nachreiner, 2004) According to the definition of Handbook on Alternative Work Schedules, Flexible hours are referred to as the times during the workday, workweek, or pay period within the tour of duty during which an employee covered by a flexible work schedule may choose to vary his or her times of arrival to and departure from the work site consistent with the duties and requirements of the position. Flexible working hours is also defined as a system of attendance whereby individual employees select their starting and finishing times from day to day, subject to the concurrence of the work unit in which they work and to specified conditions. A system in which employees can start or stop work at different hours of the morning or evening provided that they work a certain number of hours per day or week (http://www.hrdictionary.com/definition/flexible-working-hours.html). According to the definition of Technical staff, Southern Cross University, flexible working hours are work schedule in which employees can use their own discretion as to the time on the job as long as they complete the specified number of hours within a work period that is, one month, one week, or one day (Barker, 1999). It is a system of working a set number of hours with the starting and finishing times chosen within agreed limits by the employee (www.oxfordreference.com) Christensen and Staines (1990) defined this as an arrangement provides employees with some limited discretion as to the starting and stopping times for their work day, while requiring a standard number of hours to be worked within a given time period. Flexible working hours refers to the practice by employers of allowing employees to vary their attendance pattern. Variation is usually in terms of start and finish times, as well as hours per day. Flexible working hours are often referred to as flexi time. Employees working flexible hours are able to use flexi time credit to take time off without reducing other leave credits. Flexible working hours are usually subject to a number of operating rules (Transport strategy, Adecision makers guide book). ‘Flexible working hours are also defined as working time arrangements allowing a continuous choice regarding the duration and the temporal distribution of working time for both the employee and the employer (http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/05/DE0605NU4.htm). A simple deviation from the standard working time is not seen as sufficient for a distinction. The definition intends to exclude shorter but regular working time arrangements such as part-time work or deviating but regular working hours such as shift work (http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/05/DE0605NU04.htm). 6.2 Why flexible working hours are implemented? Flexible working conditions are becoming increasingly common within modern economies, and in many countries legislation has been introduced enabling certain groups of employees to request flexible working. For example, Scandinavian countries in particular grant extensive flexible working rights, such as parental leave, flexitime and other family friendly provisions to employees (Brandth, 2001). Flexible working arrangements are increasingly offered by organizations in order to remain competitive through the recruitment and retention of top performing employees. These arrangements aim to be a win/win situation for the organization, by way of increased productivity and loyalty, and for the employee through work life benefits. The introduction of flexible working allows employees to have greater control over their work life balance, and can act as an important tool in the organizations recruitment and retention process. Flexible working is one device that employers can use to attract a more diverse workforce, allowing them to compete in the war for talent( Management Brief Report). Some forms of flexible working schedules such as part-time work, compressed work weeks, annualized hours, and flexitime have a long history and have traditionally been introduced largely to meet employer needs for flexibility or to keep costs down, though they may also have met employee needs and demands (Dalton Mesch, 1990).These and other flexible arrangements are also introduced ostensibly to meet employee needs for flexibility to integrate work and family demands under the banner of so-called family-friendly employment policies (Harker, 1996; Lewis Cooper, 1995). Often a business case argument has been used to support the adoption of flexible work arrangements; that is, a focus on the cost benefits (Barnett Hall, 2001). Other contemporary drivers of change include increased emphasis on high-trust working practices and the thrust toward gender equity and greater opportunities for working at home because of new technology (Evans 2000). Nevertheless, despite much rhetoric about t he importance of challenging outmoded forms of work and the gradual association of flexible working arrangements with leading-edge employment practice (Friedman Greenhaus, 2000), the implementation of these policies remains patchy across organizations (Glass Estes, 1997). Since 2003 the right to request flexible working conditions has been granted to all UK employees with children aged less than six years or to those with caring responsibilities (BERR 2008). This right has recently been extended to employees with children aged up to 16 years (BERR, 2009). Many of these legislative changes have been explicitly or implicitly underpinned by the assumption that flexible working will have positive effects on employee adaptability, performance (Artazcoz 2005), work-life balance and health (MacEachen 2008). In a number of low and middle-income countries flexible working hours is a relatively new concept which tends to be restricted to large multi-national companies. Paul Ashton, mobility solutions support manager at Logsys, discusses the work anywhere, anytime, on any device implications of flexible working. Following the introduction of new UK legislation in April 2003 with regards to offering employees with young or disabled children flexible working options, there have been massive developments in the way in which organisations operate. Two years on, the ideas behind flexible working are still being discussed, experimented with and tentatively accepted throughout the UK. At the forefront of this movement is the objective of providing employees with a suitable work/life balance and key to its success is supporting this through achieving more profitable business practices. Flexible working is all about working in real time. It is about mobilizing work forces and giving individuals the freedom and ability to work any time, anywhere, using any device. It is about enterprise-wide access to information, applications and data and the ability to util ize these items as and when they are needed. For employees it means home working abilities and potentially improved work/life balance. It should also mean easier working, more effective methods and processes, and the ability to work smarter to achieve more. For employers it means maximizing efficiency to achieve more through the same resources. It means improved employee retention and improved services for customers- which in turn means increased competitiveness and greater profitability. 6.3 Kinds of flexible hour work practice Flexible work arrangements can take on a variety of characteristics, ranging from staggered working hours to remote, off-site work areas. Within the Flexible work arrangements themselves, employers often provide additional flexibility (e.g., selecting the time of day when staggered working hours begin) and/or offer various options for Flexible work arrangements in order to provide even greater flexibility to their workforces (www.clc.executiveboard.com). Compressed working weeks â€Å"Any system of fixed working hours more than 8 hours in length which results in a work week of less than 5 full days of work a week† (Tepas,1985). This standard definition includes the most obvious examples with 9, 10 or12 hours a day, and a normal full-time working week of 36 to 42 hours. Twelve-hour shifts are particularly controversial. In recent years, as Hoekstra, Jansen Van Goudoever (1994) report for the Netherlands, â€Å"there has been increasing variety in working patterns. The compressed working week is one of the many possible arrangements for working hours. This increasing variety can be attributed to the desire for greater flexibility in working hours. Tepas (1985) have listed the potential advantages of the compressed workweek as follows: Increased possibility for multi-day off-the-job leisure and care activity A reduction in commuting problems and costs Fewer workdays with no loss of pay A regular, steady workweek Ease in covering all jobs at the required times More time for scheduling meetings or training sessions Increased opportunity for communication within the organization Increased opportunity for communication with other organizations Decrease in start-up and/or warm-up expenses Fewer supervisory personnel may be needed More efficient stock flow for assembly-line operations Less night work Increased production rates Improvement in the quantity or quality of services to the public Better opportunities to hire skilled workers in tight labour markets Flexi time Ronen (1981) described Flextime (also called flexible working hours) as a type of flexible work arrangement that allows employees to vary their work schedules, within certain ranges and dimensions, according to their differing needs (). Unlike other flexible work arrangements, flextime focuses exclusively on the work schedule and does not alter the location of work or the total number of hours worked. Although there is no truly standard work schedule, the traditional workday is defined as a forty-hour week, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday (Catalyst, 1997). Flextime allows employees to break from the standard work schedule by starting the work day early and ending early, starting late and ending late, or taking breaks during the day and making up the time at the beginning or end of the day. Some flextime options allow employees to work extra hours on one day to make up for shortened hours on another day. Golembiewski and Proehl, (1978) and Christensen and Staines (1990) have been identified several key dimensions of flextime, such as core hours (the daily hours during which employees must be at work), bandwidth (the earliest and latest starting and stopping times to which employees can adjust their schedules) and schedule flexibility, which is the ability to change starting and stopping times from day to day and week to week without prior approval from supervisors. A study by Hill, Hawkins, Ferris and Weitzman (2001) found that perceived flexibility in the timing and location of work was positively related to work-family balance, and that the greater the extent of such flexibility, the more the employees were able to work a greater number of hours without harming their work-family balance. Another study found a direct effect of flextime on work-family conflict (Shinn, Wong, Simko, Ortiz-Torres, 1989). Several studies have found that flextime is related to outcomes indicative of work-family conflict. For example, Ralston (1989) found that employees were better able to juggle work and family demands after flextime was implemented and Bohen Viveros-Long (1981) found that flextime reduced stress among parents. Thomas Ganster (1995) found that flextime was directly related to perceived control over work and family, and it was indirectly related to work-family conflict. Annual-hours contracts annual-hours contracts are contracts of employment where the total hours to be worked in a twelve-month period are specified, rather than the weekly hours. This provides employers with the flexibility to devise a shift system to ensure continuous operations. Traditionally annualized hours were adopted in the manufacturing sector, but increasingly it is a popular system for organizing work time in the service sector, especially where twenty-four-hour, seven-day-week services are provided (http://www.jrank.org/business/pages/39/annual-hours-contracts). Job Share Job sharing is an arrangement where two or more employees share the duties and responsibilities of a single full time job. Each job sharer has broadly the same responsibilities, although their contractual terms and conditions of employment may differ. Job-sharing is common now across a range of occupations, including professions such as GPs, accountants and managers. This is an option that women may prefer as a way of returning to work after maternity leave. The employer benefits as it retains valuable skills within the organization, encourages retention and often results in greater productivity (www.clc.executiveboard.com). Self rostering â€Å"Flexible rostering is where each rostering period is planned individually (typically 4 -6 weeks at a time). Shifts are allocated on the basis of manning requirements which reflect anticipated demand patterns, as well as myriad other rostering parameters, including staffs preferences for off-duty† (Silvestro Silvestro, 2000). Thornthwaite Sheldon (2004) described that employee self-rostering systems enable individual employees to tailor working hours to maximize their compatibility with domestic responsibilities. Such rosters would allow employees to choose to work mornings, afternoons or school hours only, or some combination of different hours each day. Self-rostering means that a group of employees make work schedules by themselves. This is based on a company time frame determined by the employer in which the quantitative and qualitative demands have to be met. By designing the work schedules, the employees determine their own starting and ending time duration of their services and are supposed to create a dialogue to synchronize the individual wishes with the requirements set by the employer (Zeggenschap, 2008). Part time work Employees with a part-time work arrangement typically follow one of the following schedules: Work a reduced number of hours per day, five days per week Work eight hours per day, less than five days per week Employers are increasingly providing part-time employees with many of the same benefits provided to full-time workers particularly smaller employers that want to attract candidates but do not need many full-time workers. As with flextime, some states mandate that part-time work be available for women returning to work after a pregnancy (www.clc.executiveboard.com). 6.4 Benefits of flexible hours working arrangement. Both employees and employers alike can benefit through the utilization of flexible work practices. Flexible work arrangements can help to improve recruitment and retention, assist in managing workloads and in boosting employee satisfaction. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), U.K. guidelines for employers and employees state that flexible working opportunities benefit everyone: employers, employees and their families (www.dti.gov.uk, Flexible Working). For individuals, the opportunity to work flexibly can greatly improve the ability to balance home and work responsibilities. The DTI guidelines provide examples of the following flexible working schemes: Annualized hours describes working time organized on the basis of the number of hours to be worked over a year rather than a week; usually to fit in with peaks and troughs of work. Pay will depend on the hours worked each pay period. Compressed hours allow individuals to work their total number of agreed hours over a shorter period. For example, employees might work their full weekly hours over four, rather than five, days. They would be paid for a full-time job but would not receive overtime payments for any agreed extra hours worked during a day. Flexi time gives employees choice about their actual working hours, usually outside certain agreed core times. Individuals are paid for the hours that they work. Home-working doesnt have to be on a full-time basis and it may suit an employee to divide their time between home and office. Individuals are paid according to the hours that they work. Employers are required to carry out a risk assessment of the activities undertaken by home-workers, identifying any hazards and deciding whether enough steps have been taken to prevent harm to them or anyone else who may be affected by the work. Job-sharing typically involves two people employed on a part-time basis while working together to cover a full-time job. Both receive pay for the hours they work. Shift working gives employers the scope to have their business open for longer periods than an eight-hour day. Agreed flexible working arrangements may lead to a shift premium payment not being required. Staggered hours allow employees to start and finish their day at different times. Pay depends on hours worked in total rather than the time at which they were worked. Term-time working allows employees to take unpaid leave of absence during the school holidays. Bond et al, (2005) The Families and Work Institute report, When Work Works, states that employees who are provided with flexibility in their work are more likely to: Be engaged in their jobs and committed to helping their company succeed; Intend to remain with their current employer; and, Feel satisfied with their jobs. The positive work-life balance effects of flexible working are probably the best known and most frequently cited advantages. Aiming for a greater balance between demands from within and outside the workplace is often the driver for individuals to seek such arrangements. The interplay between employee wellbeing, work-life balance and performance brings into play factors such as organizational commitment, enthusiasm, energy and satisfaction. Flexible working arrangements, such as flexitime and teleworking, are becoming more common in industrialized countries but the impacts of such flexibility on employee health and wellbeing are largely unknown. Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of employee-negotiated flexible working on health and wellbeing, such as reduced stress and stress-related illnesses, reduced sickness absence and improved work-life balance, including time spent with children and marital satisfaction (MacEachen 2008). Kerry et al (2010) examined the health and wellbeing effects of flexible working arrangements which favour the worker as well as those dictated by the employer (for example, fixed-term contracts or mandatory overtime). The findings of this review tentatively suggest that flexible working interventions that increase worker control and choice (such as self-scheduling or gradual/partial retirement) are likely to have a positive effect on health outcomes, including improvements in physical health (reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate), mental health (e.g. reduced psychological stress) and general health (e.g. tiredness and sleep quality) measures. Importantly, interventions which increased worker flexibility were not associated with any adverse health effects in the short term. In contrast, interventions that were motivated or dictated by organizational interests, such as fixed-term contract and involuntary part-time employment, found equivocal or negative health effects. Kandolin (1996) reported significant reductions in tiredness during the night shift when comparing intervention and control group participants. Smith (1998) demonstrated improvements in mental health, sleep quality on day shift, sleep duration on night shift and alertness during night shift in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. Viitasalo (2008) found statistically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate for workers with flexible scheduling compared with those in the control group. A study which was performed by Cranfield University, found that the intuitive expectation that the employee who is better able to integrate work and non-work will experience enhanced wellbeing. Indirectly, this positive association impacts on performance, with employees in a sense ‘repaying their organization with improved levels of motivation and drive. Some employees who had become accustomed to working flexibly expressed unwillingness to move back to a more traditional pattern, linking their flexible arrangement to reduced pressure and stress. There was abundant evidence of individuals adapting their working arrangement over time to meet both changing job demands and evolving demands from the home, and great value was placed on the personal control to meet needs from both domains which was afforded by their flexible working pattern. So flexibility is highly valued, but does not remain static over time (www.workingfamilies.org.uk). Stress is linked to wellbeing and work-life balance, and here the picture is less clear. Flexible working could be seen as a positive measure which helped reduce workplace stress through reducing hours, cutting down on commuting time and minimizing work overload. However, it could also be a source of stress, if a reduction in hours meant that employees struggled to achieve objectives which had not been appropriately reduced to match such a change. This reinforces the message that flexible working needs to be well designed to succeed, particularly in the case of reduced hours work where the required tasks of the role should reflect the hours available (www.workingfamilies.org.uk). This study at Cranfield University also focused on the impact on employees performance related to the flexible working schedule. It has found that individuals and their managers felt positive 61% and 45% respectively. A similar number of managers 43% felt that there was no impact either way from flexible working. Only a small proportion of respondents indicated that flexible working had a negative impact on the quantity of work of either the flexible workers themselves or their co-workers. Flexible work allows people to make changes to the hours or times they work, and where they work. It helps people organize their careers to accommodate other commitments, and to manage transitions in and out of the workforce. For flexible work to be described as â€Å"quality†, these changes must not adversely affect income, career progression, availability of scheduled leave or access to desirable employment for those who take it up. For an arrangement to be considered truly flexible it must provide the employee with the means to manage his or her work while managing other commitments, and without adversely affecting the business. In addition, â€Å"quality flexible work† provides benefits for both employees and employers. Benefits for employees may include increased opportunities for families to spend â€Å"quality time† together and greater ease for family members to combine paid work and family responsibilities, while benefits for employers include addressing skills shortages and increased staff retention and loyalty (Fursman, 2009). Employee driven flexibility is widely regarded as a measure that can reduce work-life balance conflict. For example, in New Zealand, research by the Department of Labour (2008) found that employees who reported a particular FWA was available to them were more likely to rate their work-life balance highly. This is supported by research by the Families Commission showing that 88% of survey respondents who had a lot of flexibility were satisfied with their work-life balance, compared to 52% of respondents who had little or no flexibility (Families Commission, 2008). Statistics New Zealand data also shows that among employed people; those that did not have flexible hours in their main job were more likely to be dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their work-life balance (Statistics New Zealand, 2008). Similarly in Australia, a 2008 survey found that employees without FWAs were more likely to experience work-life balance conflict (Pocock et al, 2009). Fursman and Zodgekar (2009) studied the Impacts of Flexible Working Arrangements on New Zealand Families. The findings of this research suggest that many family members have access to flexible work arrangements, and that such arrangements provide significant benefits for them and their families, including less stress and pressure and more opportunities to spend time together. Flexible work arrangements can also allow family members to meet their care responsibilities while maintaining their participation in the paid workforce. The arrangements wanted and needed by families changed as their families changed; for example, as children reached school age, or older family members became increasingly more dependent. A range of studies associate flexible work arrangements with positive outcomes for employees. This includes a positive impact on employees perceptions of job quality (Kelliher Anderson, 2008), increased job satisfaction and reduced leaving intentions (Forsyth and Polser-Debruyne, 2007), enabling families to spend more time together, and reducing stress and pressure (Families Commission, 2008). Gill et al(2007) studied the incidence and impact of flexible working arrangements in smaller businesses. In this study, positive impacts of flexible work arrangements in recruitment and retention, enhanced employee relations, commitment and loyalty are found, together with disadvantages of operational problems and administrative burdens. William et al (1981) have found that the flexi time did not support the traditional flexi time consequences for work satisfaction or leisure satisfaction. However, employees working under a flexi time schedule reported certain other improvements, including easier travel and parking, a smaller amount of interrole conflict, a greater feeling of being in control in the work setting; and more opportunity for leisure activities. 6.5 Limitations of implementation of flexible working hours Hayman (2009) has revealed that the attitudes and expectations of co-workers and employers intermingled with issues about fairness, managerial support, feelings of guilt, and career impacts are particular barriers to flexibility. And also he found that the availability of flexible work options alone may not be enough to influence work-life balance outcomes for employees and that perceived usability is critical. A UK study by Waumsley and Houston (2009) also found that perceptions play a significant role with study participants perceiving that flexible working is detrimental to work performance and career progression. This was despite participants recognizing that flexible working delivers work-life balance benefits. Organizational policies on flexible work cannot be fully effective without real support and commitment from management in implementing and applying these policies. Managers need to encourage and actively support the use of flexible arrangements, and organizations need to actively support managers in making flexible working arrangements part of the normal operating environment. Managers need to be provided with appropriate resources, training and time to appropriately assess all requests for changes in work arrangements. Some adjustments to work organization may be necessary, such as scheduling meetings when all staff can attend (Equal Opportunity for Women in the WorkplaceAgency;http://www.eowa.gov.au/Pay_Equity/Files/Recommendations). Organizations also need to ensure that all employees who are using flexible work arrangements are accepted and respected as valued and committed employees. Such employees should be included in all training and professional development opportunities and given the opportunity for promotion on the same basis as all other employees. A critical part of a flexible work culture is ensuring that employees understand and work within an environment of mutual trust and obligation. Employees must have a strong commitment to the success of any flexible work arrangement. Employees on flexible work arrangements must maintain work and performance standards and ongoing communication between employees and their supervisors is essential. Employee engagement in the success of flexible work arrangements will maximize benefits for both the organization and the employee (Equal Opportunity for Women in the WorkplaceAgency;http://www.eowa.gov.au/Pay_Equity/Files/Recommendations) Research by the Families Commission; found that a perception of unsupportive workplace cultures; a perceived impact on career progression and reduction in income; and a perception that flexibility was only available to highly valued employees were among the barriers experienced by employees (Families Commission, 2008). It also found that flexibility could also lead to guilt about taking time off and employees working harder and doing longer hours than might ordinarily be the case (Families Commission, 2008). A recent smaller study of firms in the New Zealand accounting sector noted the impact of traditional values and culture within the sector that work against flexibility (Ministry of Womens Affairs, 2010). This includes a culture of long hours and at partnership level, a perception that being a partner and caring for children were mutually exclusive (Ministry of Womens Affairs, 2010). Work-life balance issues including Flexible Working Arrangements have a significant gender dimension (Fursman, 2008). Fursmans 2008 review of literature usefully summarizes some of the key issues emerging as including: The significance of gender differences in the industries and occupations that women and men work in, with different occupations affording different opportunities to access Flexible Working Arrangements. A range of literature discusses gender differences in decision-making about career choices with women more likely to make decisions based on accommodating family needs. Differences in the availability of Flexible Working Arrangements, both in the UK and New Zealand, with women more likely to request arrangements affecting their total number of hours worked where as men were more likely to request forms of flexibility that had no effect on income and earnings. Research revealing differences between men and womens perceptions of work with women more likely to place weight on putting family needs before work (Fursman, 2008). Social policy journal of New Zealand mentioned about a research showed that there were a number of barriers preventing the take-up of flexible working arrangements, with many of these resulting from employee perceptions that using flexible work arrangements would not be supported by their employers. The lack of available arrangements in particular workplaces was an obvious barrier; however, other barriers centered on negative employer attitudes, both perceived and actual, to requests for flexible work. Employees reported that they did not use flexible work arrangements because doing so would have a negative impact on career progression and negative financial consequences (parti

Richer Sounds - Competition Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Competition Competitive forces are the pressures put on a Business by other organizations which are competing to increase their share of the same market. The main competitors for Richer Sounds are broken into 4 main groups: 1. Large chain stores. E.g. Curry’s, Dixon’s and Comet 2. Small specialist shops 3. Large online electronic suppliers. E.g. QED-UK 4. Large online general supplier. E.g. Amazon and Tesco. These Businesses’ compete in many ways. The 3 main ways are Advertising, Lower Pricing/sales and through Market shares. With competition like that, Richer Sounds obviously has to work hard, and they seem to be doing well. Richer Sounds are constantly researching the sales prices of their competitors, so that they are able to reflect this knowledge on their sales prices, and come up with new strategies. I am now going to show you a SWOT Analysis I produced, for Richer Sounds. A SWOT Analysis is basically a diagram showing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of a Business. The strengths and weaknesses of a Business are internal; this means that Richer Sounds would have control of them. Opportunities and threats are external, this means that Richer Sounds can not control this, but must respond to it. Where there is a threat, there is a strength. Where there is a weakness, there is also an opportunity. Richer Sounds could respond to competitive forces in many ways. To respond to these competitive forces they wou...

Criminal Law Foundations evaluation paper Essay

The Juvenile Justice System Juvenile justice is the section of law that applies to persons under the age of 18 not capable of receiving sentencing in the adult court system or old enough to be responsible for criminal acts committed in society. In most states the age of criminal culpability is 18 however, the age requirement can be set lower in accordance to certain crimes and statutes set by the state the juvenile lives in. Juvenile law is primarily run by state law and most states enforce a specific juvenile code the system follows. The juvenile justice system primarily focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment for youthful offenders. Society appears to concentrate that children are more capable of change than adult offenders more capable of knowing right from wrong (â€Å"Cornell University Law School,† n.d.). The statutes creating the juvenile court systems and methods of allocating with juvenile delinquency are run by courts as a suitable extension of state police power to warrant the safety and welfare of children in the system. The doctrine of parens patriae allows the state to promulgate for the safeguard, care, custody, and upkeep of children within its jurisdiction. In 1968 the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was put into effect, and in 1972 it was put into revision as the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act. This act set forth to assist states in dealing with juvenile delinquent acts and assist communities to prevent delinquency by providing services to the community and youths in high risk of subduing to criminal activity (â€Å"Cornell University Law School,† n.d.). The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act describes juvenile delinquency as an act that is a criminal but is set forth by a youth under 18 years of age. It applies rules that state laws must abide by with concern to juvenile court processes and reprimands (â€Å"Cornell University Law School,† n.d.). Comparison of Juvenile and Adult Courts There are major differences in procedure between the juvenile and adult court systems. In the juvenile system the defendant does not receive a jury trial. The juvenile goes before a judge who decides if a law was broken and what the appropriate punishment is for the youthful offender. Bail that is also commonly used in the adult system is normally not given to minors in the juvenile system. For a juvenile to be free before adjudication, he or she must prove, they are not a flight risk or a further danger to society. Juvenile courtrooms, unlike adult courts are also not open to the public or media because of preserving the privacy of minors in the system (â€Å"Just Cause Law Collective,† 2007). Oddly, punishments for juveniles for smaller offenses are sometimes more strict than an adult would face. Probation sentences can be much longer and have many additional terms, such as keeping up grades in school, obeying his or her parents, and abiding by a curfew. Juveniles facing punishment for more serious offenses however do stand a better chance of early release where most adult offenders could face up to life in prison for the same crime. This happens as a result of most juvenile sentences ending once the youth reaches his or her twenties (â€Å"Just Cause Law Collective,† 2007). Constitutional Safeguards Criminal juvenile proceedings are kept private when the criminal is juvenile. Juvenile records are also sealed when the juvenile becomes an adult. Names are on ice from newspapers and news reporters unlike in adult criminal cases. Court cases for juveniles are secure to the public with only people pertinent to the case being allowed into the courtroom to protect the identity of the juvenile. Safeguards for juveniles differ from those of adults because juvenile proceedings are kept private whereas those for adults are open to the public. The identity of an adult is public record and their crimes do not get sealed away after a certain amount of time. While juveniles seem to be safe more than adults there are safeguards in place to protect adults as well, such as double jeopardy, which means a person cannot be in accusation for the same crime twice. If adult and juvenile case procedures were the same many juveniles would have criminal records going into adulthood for minor offenses or even just mistakes in judgment that could affect his or her future. Adults have a better understanding of the laws and what is right and wrong in addition the consequences of their choices than juveniles do. A juvenile waiver is occurs when a judge transfers a juvenile into the adult court system. This method releases the juvenile from any protection the youth would have under the juvenile court system. At this point the child is put through the same court process an adult offender would face. In most states the average age a youth would be set forth into the adult system is 17; however in some cases children as young as 13 have faced adult trials. Normally a waiver into the adult courts is put into effect because of a long history of offenses by the juvenile or if the crime is well thought-out to be serious or severely heinous. In 1997 28 states had already put into exclusion the offense of murder from the juvenile system. This meaning that a youth would be sent directly into the adult system if he or she was facing such a charge. This number is most likely going to increase that has put more emphasis on the debate of juveniles sent into the adult system. According to â€Å"Findlaw† (2012), â€Å"Some states also have a legal provision which allows the prosecutor to file a juvenile case in both juvenile and adult court. This takes place when the offense and the age of the youth meet certain criteria. Prosecutorial transfer does not have to meet the due process requirement. Approximately 15 states currently have this provision† (Juvenile â€Å"Waiver† (Transfer to Adult Court)). The most land marking case guiding juvenile waivers is Breed vs. Jones that took place in 1975. This case set forth the rule that a youth cannot be adjudicated in the juvenile system and waived into the adult system. This protects the youth under the double jeopardy law. Realistically this case appears not to have much impact on the juvenile system because juveniles can go through a waiver hearing similar to a trial except for the outcomes (â€Å"Findlaw,† 2012). Remanding Juveniles to Adult Courts Over the last several decades remanding a youth into the adult court system has grown in popularity. The public and courts have made it very easy to take a child out of the juvenile system and place him or her into the hands of the adult courts. Most members of society see these measures as a form of fear because of the increase in violent crimes that today’s youth are participating in. State legislatures enacted statutes that extended the age and offense reach of judicial waiver, legislative waiver, automatic transfer, and prosecutorial discretion and concurrent jurisdiction policies that in return has paved the road of sending children into the adult system very smooth. Some states have provisions in which a child can be sent to adult courts regardless of the offense (â€Å"Campaign for Youth Justice,† 2010). Studies prove that more than 200,000 youths under the age of 18 face sentencing in adult courts. Despite that there has been a decrease in juvenile crime over the past few years; provisions making it easier to prosecute juveniles in the adult court system keep increasing. In today’s current time it appears the scale-weighs in favor of punishing children instead of rehabilitating them into productive members of society (â€Å"Campaign for Youth Justice,† 2010). The Miranda Warning The Miranda Warning is a police notice set to criminal defendants brought into custody of law enforcement in the United States before they can ask questions in regard to what took place during the crime they are facing charges with. Law enforcement officials can only ask for precise information such as name, date of birth, and address without reading the suspects his or her Miranda warnings. Confessions and other information that an individual provides him or her will not be well thought-out admissible evidence unless the individual is aware of and give up his or her Miranda rights. Threatening or forcible methods of police interrogation were once generally referred to as undergoing the third degree. Today, as defense against any likelihood of police intimidation, society has the Miranda Warning (â€Å"Mirandawarning.org,† 2010). In 1968 the final version for the Miranda Warning was set by California deputy attorney general Doris Maier and district attorney Harold Berliner. Before the establishment of the Miranda Warning, confessions had only to be intentional on the suspect. This made a difficult situation for law enforcement, who often met with evidence at trials that the defendant was not of sound mind or were under indirect pressure when he or she gave his or her confessions. The Miranda Warning protects society’s rights by clarifying his or her choices clearly and supports police power when law enforcement properly reads the Miranda Warning and gets clear, intellectual answers that the suspect understands his or her rights as they have been clear up. The Miranda Warning is a legal requirement all over the United States, and differs only slightly in wording in different states (â€Å"Mirandawarning.org,† 2010). References Campaign for Youth Justice. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/UCLA-Literature-Review.pdf Cornell University Law School. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/Juvenile_justice FindLaw. (2012). Retrieved from http://criminal.findlaw.com/juvenile-justice/juvenile-waiver-transfer-to-adult-court.html Jones, W. G. (2006). U.S. Departemnt of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/courts/chapterfour.cfm Just Cause Law Collective. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.lawcollective.org/article.php?id=64 MirandaWarning.org. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.mirandawarning.org/

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F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay THE GREAT GATSBY 1. The narrator of the novel the great Gatsby is Nick Carraway. Nick Carraway was from Minnesota in the middle west of the United States. 2. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s first initial impressions given of Gatsby in chapter one were that Gatsby was the type of person that was very sensitive and would give unbroken series of gestures to people. His impressions of Gatsby were very positive as Mr Gatsby was a good hearted man. 3. The reason why Daisy says that she hoped her daughter would be a beautiful fool was because that was expected of women in her world. 4. The type of relationship that Tom and Daisy have was the type of relationship that was just hanging around. There was no real love in their relationship because Tom was cheating on her b having Myrtle Wilson on the side. Tom was married to Daisy for convenience. 5. The first detail about Gatsby parties were he didn’t really invite anyone he just didn’t care much he just loved to throw parties there were no real invitations that were given out it was just be there for the life of the party. The second detail about Gatsby parties was there were only celebrities and the rich. The third detail of Gatsby parties was there was lots of drinking and dancing. 6. The first reason that keeps Nick from falling love with Jordan because he had women back in his town. The second reason was he has to carefully break off the relationship with his other woman and then he would be free. 7. The first factor Gatsby outlines about his background is he was a soldier in the United States in the Great War, that’s when he falls in love with Daisy. The second factor Gatsby outlines about his background is after the war he had to attend Oxford College in England. The third factor Gatsby outlines is he returned to New York after finding out Daisy was with another man and he started to make a lot of money with illegal business. 8. The first rumour that was about Gatsby was that he once killed a man. Another rumour was that he was a German spy. Another rumor about Gatsby was that he was a bootlegger and another rumour was that he had an underground pipe line to Canada. Another rumour was that he was also an oxford man. The reason people cared so much is because a lot of people know of him and because a lot of them are people that are always at the parties that Gatsby puts on. 9. The nature of Gatsby and Daisy relationship was extremely complex. She was

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Sophies World essays REMARKABLE... a whimsical and ingenious mystery novel that also happens to be the history of Philosophy. Jostein Gaarder made his Norwegian literary debut in 1986 with a collection of short stories, followed by two young adult novels. In 1990 he received the Norwegian Literary Critics Award and the Ministry of Cultural and Scientific affairs Literary Prize for his book The Solitaire Mystery. Mr. Gaarder taught high school philosophy for eleven years in Norway, giving him a strong basis for writing Sophies World, his first book to be published in English. After its three-year spot at number one on Norways bestseller list, it has held the same status in Great Britain, Germany, and France also appearing on bestseller lists in Italy, Spain, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, and the United States. In Sophies World, Jostein Gaarder twines the history of philosophy with the supernatural antics of Alice in Wonderland. The main character is a girl named Sophie Admunsen, the novels namesake. Sophie is fourteen years old, and lives in Norway with her mother and all of the animals in her Garden. She is soon joined by the mysterious Alberto Knox, first through correspondence, and then linked by a full-scale philosophy course he has chosen her for. He seems to have lived forever, with the ability to bring magic and supernatural lessons into her life. Alberto is old, kind, extremely wise, and cloaked in mystery for much of the novel. It is difficult to explain the relationship between all of the main characters outside of explaining the plot. Sophie and Alberto are the initial main characters. Sophie comes home from school to find a white envelope addressed to her. Who are you? Where does the world come from? This begins her thinking about the major questions of existence, and then the philosophy course began. Alberto is not physically revealed until late in the first quarter of the novel. Throu...

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The organization of financial (debt, equity, foreign exchange, derivative) and commodity markets and their role in international trade and economic performance - Essay Example At maturity of specific time period, the bond issuers not only repay the principal amount of debt but also the periodical interest payments to the bond holders (Berk and Martin, 2011). Stocks are the equity instruments mainly issued by the corporations for an indefinite time period. Stockholders become the owners of the corporations and play a key role in the decision making process of the company. Stock holders can buy and sell the stocks in the stock market such as New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange etc. (Babu, 2012). Foreign exchange market deals in the currencies of various countries such that it provides the mechanism for trading the foreign currencies. The difference between the buying and selling price is called as the spread which is the profit of the trader. Foreign currency markets work round the clock thus, minimizing the arbitrage opportunities (Sheeba, 2011). Derivatives are the hedging instruments which provide the holders the opportunity to mitigate the risk against the undesired movements of financial securities. Common types of derivatives include forwards, futures, swaps, and options (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2008). Commodity market comprises of various commodities such as metals, energy, foods, etc. These commodities are regulated by the commodity exchanges such as New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). Financial markets and commodity markets are the major indicators of the international economic prosperity such that in times of booming periods, the prices of the instruments traded under these markets are at their peak whereas in times of depression, these prices steeply

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History of Turkey and the European Union Turkey has had a long history with Europe and the European Union that stretches back many years. In 1952, Turkey joined the United States and most of Western Europe in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Turkey would look at this as the first step toward European acceptance, which had been so important to the country's founder and hero, Kemal Ataturk. It would become an associate member of the Western European Union.[1] As early as 1959, Turkey tried to gain entrance into what is now the European Union, then known as the European Economic Community (EEC).[2] Under the Ankara Agreement of 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC.[3] Denied entrance into the European Union in 1987, Turkey still continued to push for membership.[4] The next pivotal moment came in 1996 when Turkey was admitted into the European Union's Customs Union.[5] However, it was disappointed a year later when Turkey was not listed as part of the European Union's plans for enlargement. Fin ally, in 1999 at the Helsinki summit, Turkey was named as a candidate country.[6] This meant that Turkey was one step away from starting the accession process and realizing its goal of becoming a recognized member of Europe. Requirements to Join the European Union The European Union has specific yet numerous qualifications that must be met before accession. The European Council set the criteria for accession in June of 1993. It stated first that a country must have strong democratic institutions, including the rule of law and a guarantee of civil rights. A viable economic market must exist, along with evidence that the economy of the applicant country can compete with those already in the EU. Al... ...Opportunity in Turkey, Financial Times, Oct. 21 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Database,? Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). Gherghisan, Mihaela, ?Verheugen Careful about Turkish EU Accession, EUObserver.com, Apr. 29 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Database,? Lexis-Nexis (8 October 2003). Heper, Metin. Historical Dictionary of Turkey. 2nd ed. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2002. EU Enlargement Commissioner Says Turkey Giving ?Mixed Picture,? ? AFX.? Com, Oct. 27 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Databas? Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). ?EU/Turkey: Euro 145 Million Pre-Accession Aid Package Granted to ? Ankara,? European Report, Oct. 29 (2003).? Academic Search Premier? Database, Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). ?EU/Turkey: Gunter Verheugen Cites 2011 as Possible Membership? Date,? European Report, Apr. 30 (2003). Academic Search Premier History of Turkey and the European Union Essay -- Turkey History Polit History of Turkey and the European Union Turkey has had a long history with Europe and the European Union that stretches back many years. In 1952, Turkey joined the United States and most of Western Europe in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Turkey would look at this as the first step toward European acceptance, which had been so important to the country's founder and hero, Kemal Ataturk. It would become an associate member of the Western European Union.[1] As early as 1959, Turkey tried to gain entrance into what is now the European Union, then known as the European Economic Community (EEC).[2] Under the Ankara Agreement of 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC.[3] Denied entrance into the European Union in 1987, Turkey still continued to push for membership.[4] The next pivotal moment came in 1996 when Turkey was admitted into the European Union's Customs Union.[5] However, it was disappointed a year later when Turkey was not listed as part of the European Union's plans for enlargement. Fin ally, in 1999 at the Helsinki summit, Turkey was named as a candidate country.[6] This meant that Turkey was one step away from starting the accession process and realizing its goal of becoming a recognized member of Europe. Requirements to Join the European Union The European Union has specific yet numerous qualifications that must be met before accession. The European Council set the criteria for accession in June of 1993. It stated first that a country must have strong democratic institutions, including the rule of law and a guarantee of civil rights. A viable economic market must exist, along with evidence that the economy of the applicant country can compete with those already in the EU. Al... ...Opportunity in Turkey, Financial Times, Oct. 21 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Database,? Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). Gherghisan, Mihaela, ?Verheugen Careful about Turkish EU Accession, EUObserver.com, Apr. 29 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Database,? Lexis-Nexis (8 October 2003). Heper, Metin. Historical Dictionary of Turkey. 2nd ed. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2002. EU Enlargement Commissioner Says Turkey Giving ?Mixed Picture,? ? AFX.? Com, Oct. 27 (2003).? Academic Search Premier Databas? Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). ?EU/Turkey: Euro 145 Million Pre-Accession Aid Package Granted to ? Ankara,? European Report, Oct. 29 (2003).? Academic Search Premier? Database, Lexis-Nexis (29 October 2003). ?EU/Turkey: Gunter Verheugen Cites 2011 as Possible Membership? Date,? European Report, Apr. 30 (2003). Academic Search Premier