Conan OBrain Speech Essays - Conan OBrien, Burbank, California

Conan O'Brain Speech In the confounding and clamorous universe recently night TV, a fight is being battled. System versus arrange, have versus have, the hotshots of the TV media have gotten down to business in a race for ever wanted evaluations. Each with their own unmistakable style, greats like Jay Leno and David Lettermen have presented their method of getting things done, and thusly, have engaged millions while rounding up record breaking measures of benefit. Notwithstanding, the genuine lord generally night can't be found among such these board filling mammoths. Not showing up on your TV before huge numbers of you have fallen sleeping soundly, he has vanquished all with his year 2000 forecasts and the insane shenanigans of each and everybody of his creative characters. Who would it be able to be? As a matter of fact NBCs own one of a kind, Conan OBrien. Everything began on April 18, 1963 in Brookline, Massachusetts, a little suburb of Boston. Naturally introduced to an enormous Irish group of five d ifferent kin, Conan developed rapidly into a decent understudy coming straightforwardly from a decent home. His dad a prosperous specialist, and his mom a legal counselor, were continually buckling down, and Conan realized quickly this was the way to progress. Before he knew it, he was had completed secondary school at the highest point of his group, and would finish to go to nearby school Harvard University. A Magna Cum Laude understudy, this is the place Conan started his profession. In spite of the fact that he would finish school with a degree in both Literature and American History, while at Harvard, Conans comical inclination started to develop. He turned out to be notable around grounds subsequent to appearing on the universities paper, the Harvard Lampoon, and incredibly delighted in the notoriety it brought him. He knew promptly this was the life for him, and in the wake of leaving school, he immediately started to seek after numerous open doors in the field of the stage. H e landed little gigs to a great extent, however it wasnt until the late 1980s that Conan would get his first enormous break, subsequent to discovering his way among the absolute best as an essayist for NBCs Saturday Night Live. Here, Conan kept on developing, making companionships with such comedic greats as Dana Carvey and Chris Rock. In any case, in 1991, change came. Leaving SNL, Conan immediately found another occupation with Matt Groenings The Simpsons. He would remain here until 1993 when Conans genuine fame began.With NBC hoping to fill an empty spot after the Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Conans past time with SNL paid off. Casters quickly thought of Conan for the activity, and after a concise tryout, he turned into the man of decision. Without intuition, Conan acknowledged. Presently, the structure of the demonstrate must be set and NBC made it very evident that they would let Conan direct this procedure himself. With this set up, Conan went to work, quickly choosing NBCs New York Rockafeller Plaza for his set. Second, much like his youth icon Johnny Carson, Conan concluded that he would require a sidekick. This spot was loaded up with clever man Andy Richter, and music was coordinated by past drummer for Bruce Springstein Max Weinberg and his six other musicians. For more than seven years now, Emmy winning Late Night with Conan OBrien has engaged crowds by the millions, on account of crafted by the host, the cerebrum and Boston local Conan Christopher OBrien.

Psychological Evaluation of Peter Griffin

Mental Evaluation of Peter Griffin Free Online Research Papers Name: Peter Griffin Date of Birth: 12/25/1970 Sex: Male Date of Assessment: 6/29/2010 Age at testing: 39 Psychologist: Timothy Remmert Secret Psychological Evaluation Explanation behind REFERRAL Mr. Griffin is a 39-year-old white male who chips away at a sequential construction system in a lager packaging plant. Mr. Griffin’s manager, Sydney Wick, alluded Mr. Griffin for a mental assessment because of continuous liquor misuse and sporadic conduct that is troublesome to the working environment. Mr. Griffin reports that, while he drinks â€Å"regularly†, he doesn't accept his drinking influences his profitability at work, and feels he is being aggrieved by his bosses. Appraisal INSTRUMENTS AND EVALUATIVE PROCEDURES Clinical meeting with Mr. Griffin on June 29, 2010 for estimated 1  ½ hours. MMPI - 2: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 CPI: California Psychological Inventory Foundation INFORMATION or RELEVANT HISTORY Mr. Griffin was brought up in Quahog, Rhode Island. His dad, Liam Griffin, functioned as a welder in a play area gear industrial facility, and his mom, Mary Griffin was a housewife. Diminish is a lone youngster, and the two guardians are perished. Mr. Griffin is hitched to Lois Griffin, age 37, with 3 kids, Christopher, 16, Meg, 15, and Stewie, age 1  ½ yrs. Griffin went to James Woods High School in Quahog, R.I., yet left in the wake of neglecting to finish his sophomore year at age 17. He held various modest occupations before a companion of his helped him discover work at the Pawtucket Patriot Brewery, where he has been utilized for a long time. Social OBSERVATIONS and MENTAL STATUS EXAM Mr. Griffin seemed arranged to individual, spot and time, yet appeared to be confounded regarding the conditions encompassing his referral and assessment. Mr. Griffin appeared to be cordial and mindful until got some information about his liquor utilization. He eagerly denied any abundance utilization and demanded that he drinks â€Å"just like every other person I know.† Mr. Griffin turned out to be noticeably vexed when educated regarding the purpose behind his assessment, and rehashed cases of oppression by his superior(s) at work. When asked moderately normal judgment inquiries, he showed up to some degree hindered. For instance, when asked what he would do in the event that he got back home and the can was flooding, he answered that he would go to the local bar and have a couple of brews until â€Å"Lois returned home and fixed it.† His present moment and long haul memory seemed, by all accounts, to be generally flawless, however his capacity to focus is exceptionally restricted. He would frequently play with objects around my work area, and when these were expelled, he would be checking out the workplace and at the window while we were talking. At the finish of the meeting, Mr. Griffin appeared to be anxious, and offered the remark, â€Å"I sure could utilize a brew. You should, Doc?† When inquired as to whether he had ever considered â€Å"taking a break† from drinking liquor, he answered, â€Å"Doc, I’m letting you know, I got no issue. I drink. I become inebriated. I tumble down. No problem.† Mr. Griffin was controlled the MMPI-2, and the CPI, the consequences of which indicated noteworthy degrees of enthusiastic surprise which may meddle with memory, fixation, deliberation and judgment. Mr. Griffin doesn't give off an impression of being exceptionally intelligent or astute, which can constrain understanding and judgment. Focus challenges were prove by Mr. Griffin’s distractibility and mindlessness. Peter’s scholarly level is in the most minimal scope of typical, and outskirts on mellow mental hindrance. He loves obvious arrangements and experiences difficulty managing equivocalness, oddity, and change. He is intellectually exceptionally inflexible and has fixed thoughts from which he experiences difficulty going amiss. Mr. Griffin is seriously intellectually hasty in a manner that might be pathologically demonstrative of liquor addiction. An absence of intellectual intervention and proof of rash conduct regularly result with Peter acting without appropriate thought of the outcomes. Peter’s clinical profile demonstrates the accompanying attributes and manifestations: Clinical Assessment Symptomology Lack of caution, enthusiastic unpredictability, tumult, misguided thinking, volatility, disarray, disruption, stress (work issues), potential dreams, every so often dubious handle of the real world, summed up tension, self-ingestion, ridiculously requesting of others (especially those in power), inclined to substance misuse. DSM-IV DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION Hub I Alcohol reliance Hub II Dependent character issue Hub IV Environmental and social help issues Pivot V GAF : 40 Ends and RECOMMENDATIONS 1.Peter is being alluded to a confirmed dependence proficient for additional assessment as well as treatment. The needy character issue and natural and social help issues will be tended to in future treatment meetings with a prepared analyst simultaneous with any suggested liquor misuse treatment or potentially treatment. Endless supply of treatment(s), Peter will be cleared to come back to work with the understanding that his proceeded with business will be dependent upon his continuous interest in treatment and his adequate conduct in the work environment. Subside ought to be considered for additional testing and assessment at a future time to be controlled by treating professional(s). REFERENCES Littlefield, A.K., Sher, K.J., Wood, P.K. (2010). Do changes in drinking thought processes intervene the connection between character change and â€Å"maturing out† of issue drinking? Diary of Abnormal Psychology, 119(1), 93 †105. McKillop, J., Miranda, R., et al. (2010). Liquor request, deferred reward limiting, and desiring corresponding to drinking and liquor use issue. Diary of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 106 †114. Zikos, E., Gill, K.J., Charney, D.A. (2010). Character issue among alcoholic outpatients: Prevalence and course in treatment. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 65-73 Simons, J.S., Carey, K.B., Wills, T.A. (2009). Liquor misuse and reliance frameworks: A multidimensional model of normal and explicit etiology. Brain science of Addictive Behaviors, 23(3), 415 †427. Keady, J., Clarke, C.L., et al. (2009).Alcohol-related cerebrum harm: Narrative story lines and hazard developments. Wellbeing, Risk, Society, 11(4) 321 †340 recovered 6/30/2010 from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ucf.edu/ehost/resultsadvanced?vid=2hid=108sid=1461ef4e-f21e-4638-b58d-54b70e822a54%40sessionmgr104bquery=(alcoholism)bdata=JmRiPXBzeWgmZGI9cGRoJmRiPXB6aCZjbGkwPUZUJmNsdjA9WSZjbGkxPVJWJmNsdjE9WSZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl Van der Plas, Crone, E.A., et al. (2009). Official control deficiencies in substance-subordinate people. Diary of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(6), 706 †719 Witkiewitz, K., Villarroel, N.A. (2009) Dynamic relationship between negative effect and liquor slips following liquor treatment. Diary of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(4), 633 †644 Kramer, G.P., Bernstein, D.A., Phares, V. (2010). Prologue to Clinical Psychology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentiice Hall. Research Papers on Psychological Evaluation of Peter GriffinThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Spanish Words Meaning Half

Spanish Words Meaning Half The English word half can be meant Spanish in a few different ways, contingent upon, in addition to other things, what grammatical form it is utilized as. Medio (Adjective) Medio is utilized as a descriptor, and as such it concurs with the thing it alludes to in number and sexual orientation. Models El edificio ocupa una media manzana. (The structure possesses a large portion of a square.) Contiene sã ³lo 103 calorã ­as por media taza. (It has just 103 calories for every half-cup.)Es medio hombre, medio vampiro. (Hes half man, half vampire.) Pasaban las horas y las medias horas tambiã ©n. (The hours passed, thus did the half-hours.) At times, the thing that medio (or one of its varieties) alludes to can be precluded. Models Feed tres clases semanales de una hora y media. (There are three week after week classes of 90 minutes.) Necesito una cuchara y media de azã ºcar. (I need a spoonful and a portion of sugar.) Medio (Adverb) Medio likewise is utilized as an intensifier, for the most part alluding to descriptors. In standard Spanish, it is constant, not changing in number or sexual orientation with the descriptive word it alludes to. (In certain zones, it isn't bizarre in communicated in Spanish to change the type of medio to concur with the descriptive word, however such use is viewed as unsatisfactory.) Models  ¿No ser una de esas mujeres medio locas? (You wouldnt be one of those half-insane ladies?) Siempre te veo medio borracho. (I generally observe you half-alcoholic.) La tarea est medio hecha. (The schoolwork is half-done.) A Medias A medias is an expression that can work as either a descriptor or modifier. Models Accesibilidad a medias no es accesibilidad. (Half-availability isnt openness.) Esa informaciã ³n contiene verdades a medias. (The data contains misleading statements.) La mirilla me permite ver a medias la silueta. (The peephole lets me half-see the blueprint.) Comprendo a medias muchas canciones en inglã ©s. (I half-comprehend numerous melodies in English.) La Mitad La mitad, which frequently implies center, can likewise be utilized as a thing to mean half. Models El vino rojo decrease a la mitad el riesgo. (Red wine diminishes the hazard to half.) Replantaremos la mitad del cã ©sped. (We will replant a large portion of the yard.) Cada segundo se crea un blog nuevo, pero solo la mitad permanecen activos. (Each second another blog is made, yet just half stay dynamic.)  ¡Cartuchos de impresora a mitad de precio! (Printer cartridges at deep discounted!)

Some Interesting Information About the Nursing Admissions Essay Samples

Some Interesting Information About the Nursing Admissions Essay SamplesYou may be experiencing the beginnings of finding your nursing entrance essay samples. You may also be looking for ways to modify the essays for your own requirements. The essay samples are usually provided by the nursing schools themselves.The nursing entrance essays are usually formed in the required subjects that a candidate must possess. If you are having trouble making up your mind on what subjects are important to you, you can look into researching nursing based courses online. You can save a lot of time by just being able to look at the courses online. You can also read reviews to make a decision on which courses will appeal to you.The way your essay sample would look like depends on your specific requirements and preference. You can either submit your sample essays online or send the samples to one of the schools. The essay samples are provided by the school itself. The actual essays that you send are know n as writing samples and these are supposed to be taken to the admissions office at the school.Your written sample must be accepted by the admissions officer of the nursing school. This includes the placement of your name after the signature and reviewing the sample and making recommendations on how you can improve the samples.In addition to the essay samples, the admissions counselor at the school will often provide you with other articles or research papers as an alternative if you need to submit your writing samples for editing. The articles or papers are usually provided to you free of charge and you can choose to read the article yourself before you submit your samples. These articles are generally meant to give you general information about the schools and related topics. The articles are usually categorized according to the required subjects to make things easier for you to read.The admissions counselor at the school will also provide you with the necessary elements needed to compose the essays. This can include the required examples to create the samples and sample exercises to give you the proper direction. You will have to submit these samples along with your essay sample. When you are ready to submit the samples, the admissions counselor can also help you out.You will be required to complete the necessary research paper and it will also be helpful if you include a rough draft of the essay samples in your essay samples. You may not want to submit this rough draft to the school unless you are receiving permission to do so. The essay samples must be all in the same style. The essay samples must be clearly labeled.

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What Makes Member Entry Into Associations - 877 Words

If you know the requirements for getting in the associations, it will make your life much easier through interacting, external environment, amount of resources, and demographics. The most research question among the three questions that have an impact to me is what explains member entry into associations. Entering any organizations, it’s important to know the demographics, how they operate outside of the environment, and. how much human resources is available for employees. For example, I was volunteering last semester at the All Stars Project. I was called for the interview, and I noticed that most of the people that work there are blacks, between ages 35 and up. During the interview, they asked if I can hand out flyers outside and they replied and said this cannot be done because I am a female. Throughout Newark, any organizations out there are affected by the external environment. I think solidary benefits have an impact on how individuals interact in the association. Accor ding to Powell (2006), the author states that members can join an association in order to make friends with like-minded individuals (p.528). I don’t see how this statement can be reasonable; when I am thinking about it, it’s just like going to a club. I think membership association is a committed organization based on its mission and values. Some of the factors that are discussed in the reading which explains how a person interacts contributing to money for a charitable cause. Three of the factors areShow MoreRelatedHow A Cartel Is A Competitive Market1719 Words   |  7 Pagesformal organization set up by a group of firms that produce and sell homogenous products for the purpose of enacting and sharing monopolistic rents. Their organizations consist of formal agreements between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market. 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Treatment Of Culture Towards More Balanced -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Treatment Of Culture Towards More Balanced? Answer: Introduction International trade, in recent decades has seen an unprecedented growth and Globalization has played a major role in this. Owing to the phenomenon called globalization, the exchange is business has been visible in almost all the countries of the world. The trend has largely contributed to the economic growth of many developing nations by operations the gates of employment to millions of unemployed youth. With great opportunities however, international business brought with it, many impending risks as well. As defined by Kot and Dragon (2015), international business risks refer to the possibility of unfavorable occurrences that a company might encounter while expanding internationally. While international business provides immense profit to a certain company, it also comes with endless risks. Many risks are encountered by multinational companies in operating their business in regions other than their native place. The rise in competition has further escalated the risks and an issue fa ced by the MNCs. Pharmaceutical companies in particular is affected by the risks associated with international business. One of the most prominent effects in recent times, on international business has been the exit of Britain from European Union. The given report provides a thorough analysis of the impacts of international business risks on pharmaceutical companies. The report would specifically analyze the impact on one aspect of the companys global operations, which is its cross-cultural management. The multinational company chosen for the purpose is GlaxoSmithKline. The company is based in Britain and has operations in countries spreading across Asia, America and Europe. The report tries to present elaborately, the importance of cross-cultural management in international business mainly pharmaceutical. The major risks concerning international business include political risk, exchange risk, credit risk, market risk and cultural risk and transport risk. Dinu (2015) has however identified four major risks that MNCs face in business operations. These are commercial risk, financial risk, country risk and cross-cultural risk. In the report, four major risks shall be explained political, commercial, exchange and cross-cultural. Risks associated with international business International business, as already mentioned is abound with risks that confront all transnational or multinational companies. In the pharmaceutical industry in particular, these risks exert an added influence. Jaberidoost et al., (2013), mention that pharmaceutical companies, since they deal with products that are deemed sensitive and cautionary, have to pay extra care while doing international business. However, the focus of this report is to analyze the impact of the risks in the global operations of the company. The major risks as already mentioned include, Political risk Political risks surface due to the unpredictable political incidents. Unstable political environment arising from dangerous political actions; result in increased difficulties for MNCs to operate smoothly. Uncertainties also loom large on the stability of the government that rules a certain country. It thus becomes extremely difficult for a firm to operate smoothly and generate revenues. According to Musacchio, Lazzarini and Aguilera (2015), strict regulations and unprecedented government influence deters the quality of business and leads to increased cases of corruption. Corruption and malpractices especially in the said industry has severe consequences as it concerns human lives as well. One prominent example of political instability affecting international business is Brexit (Pharma.elsevier.com, 2018). Pharmaceutical companies in particular have significantly faced the wrath of Brexit as they are forced to end their operations in Britain since European business is no longer allowed to continue. Exchange risk While doing business in a foreign country, the company has to exchange its currency since each country has its own system of currency. The currency of one country is exchanged in another country at certain rate. This rate of exchange fluctuates at regular interval thus causing loss in business. The case is similar for pharmaceutical companies as well. Often the pharmaceutical companies are faced with the problem of higher expenditure and lower profit owing to exchange risks. Kim and Park (2014), argue that the fluctuating rates of currency exchange hamper a company largely because it disturbs their business planning which they have to redesign in order to meet financial requirements. Commercial risk It refers to the risks associated with fluctuations in the market of a country where the company has its operations. These risks arise when the multinational company makes wrong decisions in choosing partners and executing strategies. MNCs must realize the differences in doing business in alien lands with distinct rules and regulations. The severe competition in the global market demands frequent transformations in business strategies. In case of pharmaceutical companies, as pointed out by DiMasi, Grabowski and Hansen (2016), these commercial risks negatively affect the reputation and thus result in reduced revenues. Cross-cultural risks It is one of the most common risks that affect international business. Operating in a foreign land with a diverse workforce requires exceptional knowledge of multiculturalism. Culture is an aspect that holds great value to any nation and any violation of this result in huge loss for the company. It is one of the reasons most companies nowadays have dedicated a separate department to monitor these issues. Pharmaceutical companies have also employed similar strategies to tackle cross-cultural issues. In views of Ahammad et al., (2016), cross-cultural management is very important in case of pharmaceutical MNCs because any negligence in the timely management might result in conflicts. These conflicts in turn may cause heavy loss to the company. Impacts on pharmaceutical company The previous section briefly highlighted the impact of international business risks on pharmaceutical companies by pointing out certain concerns that confront this industry. In this section, those impacts shall be further explained with evidences from credible sources. Pharmaceutical companies are responsible for manufacturing and selling medicines and other related items to patients and prescribers across the globe. Political instability causes these companies to abandon or abort their operations that not only cause loss to the company but also to the receiver. The company has to be extremely cautious while dealing with medicine and vaccines and possess deep knowledge regarding those as many vaccines and medicines are banned in some countries. According to Dadfar et al., (2013) however, pharmaceutical companies also have the opportunity to benefit from the political conditions prevailing in a country by exerting their influence through lobbying and such tactics. It needs to be mentioned that companies that have the capability to turn risks into advantages have the best chance to sustain in extremely risky environments and profit. Exchange rates determine the economic position of a country and each country makes increased effort to strengthen its exchange rate in order to yield benefits. Constant fluctuations in exchange rates are the result of the growing competition between countries to move ahead in the race. The pharmaceutical industry often fall prey to this fluctuating tendency and faces great loss. Hutson and Laing (2014), point out three particular impacts on pharmaceutical companies that may arise from risks in exchange rates. These are transaction exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure. Transaction exposure comes from the fluctuation effects of exchange rates that compel a company to change its strategies regarding making and receiving payments in foreign currencies in future. Translation exposure refers to the effects exchange rate fluctuations have on the combined financial statements of both original business and foreign subsidiaries. Lastly, economic exposure has an influence on the companys market value. The rapidly expanding market poses great number of opportunities for pharmaceutical companies in addition to all the risks. As per the views of Giuliani et al., (2014), commercial risks faced by pharmaceutical companies arise mostly from the emergence of local markets that present stiff competition to the global brands. The emergence of local markets poses threats in the form of local advantages enjoyed, no pressure of exchange rates, and exemption from taxes and so on. These advantages allow the local brands to gain at a better rate than MNCs. Chandra, Holmes and Skinner (2013) however argue that the most glaring impact of commercial risks on pharmaceutical industry is the significant cuts in healthcare investments in several countries. These reductions in healthcare spending result from slow economic growth and uncertainty. Pharmaceutical is one such industry that has, in one roof, a team of scientists, researchers, developers, system analysts, lawyers, managers and others (Forbes.com, 2018). Therefore, it becomes extremely complex for the management team to organize and manage the vivid workforce. Training in cross-cultural management has become an integral part of an organization because it ensures profit through effective cross-cultural communication. With such a variety of individuals working together in pharmaceutical industry, the effect of cross-cultural risks becomes more evident. Contractor (2013), states that the industry demands competence in cultural management because of the diverse group of people that work in it. In particular, the pharmaceutical MNCs are the most affected when it comes to handling cross-cultural workforce. The MNC culture demands constant interactions with people from various cultures and this often leads to miscommunication and poor results in turn. Overview of GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKlineis a pharmaceutical company based in Britain. The companys headquarters is situated in Brentford, London. The company was established in the year 2000 when Glaxo merged with SmithKline. However, this company is considered one of the largest pharmaceutical companies ranking sixth in the world. The company has been improved after Emma Walmsley becameits CEOin March 2017. She is the first female CEO of GlaxoSmithKline. According to the data published in the annual report of the company, its vaccines and drugs have earned more than 1.5 billion pounds in the global markets (Annualreport.gsk.com, 2018). On the other hand, the consumer products of the GSK such as Aquafresh, Horlicks, nicotine replacements and Sensodyne have earned more than 5.2 billion. The company mainly aims to introduce distinguished, high quality as well as needed healthcare products to more people throng their global business. First, the company has a wide portfolio of advanced and established medicinal products. The company recently focused on the development of new medicines to support respiratory and infectious diseases, immune-inflammation and oncology. It has conducted diverse research to explore these areas. The vaccine business of the company has an extensive portfolio through which the company reaches a considerable number of people through its innovative pipeline of vaccines. These vaccines aim to protect people of all age groups. It delivers more than two million doses of its vaccine each day to the patients living in approximately 150 countries. The third section of its business focuses on the healthcare business for the average consumers that develops as well as markets numerous brands possessed by the company. The brands are recommended by the expe rts that categorizes in the areas of oral health, respiratory, pain relief, skin health and nutrition. The company has proved to be one of the most innovative and best performing healthcare companies, which the patients trust. The company has three basic priorities such as innovation, performance and trust. The company invests in technical as well as scientific excellence to develop a more advanced supply of new products. This will meet all the requirements of the patients, consumers and payers. The company aims to achieve an industry leading growth by means of effective investment in its core business. In addition to this, the company aims to develop the people associated with the company and deliver the service flawlessly (Gsk.com, 2018). Including these, GlaxoSmithKlinecommits to ensure quality, reliability and safety in all sections of the process and products. The company is a modern employer that focuses to build trust through its approach for engagement in progressing global health. The company believes that the governance structure that the company follows, underpins its ability for delivering the Group strategy that can easily grow in a diversified business like its own business. This enables the company to deliver more products of value. Including this, this particular governance structures amplifies the operating model that the company currently follows. GlaxoSmithKline is transparent in its business methods. The company publishes details on its Board Committees along with non-Board Committees, its shareholder information, ethical conduct as well as services it provides, global compliance and the contact details for its UK or US offices. Despite these facts, the company has numerous issues in its organizational culture that has led to business risks. Cross-cultural management It can be seen from the annual reports of most pharmaceutical giants that no company is safe from the risks of international business. GSK, one of the giants of the pharmaceutical industry, too suffers from the risks of international business. Managing global operations is a daunting task for any company including GSK (Tarasanski, 2017). Many facets of global operations are there that include other than cross-cultural management diversity in workforce, examining changing rules and regulations in other countries, updating global business information and so on. Stahl and Tung (2015), comments that the cultural dimension is the most significant part that gives an extra edge to any organization. The cultural management that determines the international business relations can be better understood by two of Hofstedes cultural dimensions that include power distance index and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance index refers to the culture of acceptance of superiority of others without qu estioning it. The country that scores high on this index demonstrates this quality. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the rejection of anything new and innovative. Countries that score high on this index are considered culturally closed that is they do not welcome change or anything new (Bondy and Starkey, 2014). GlaxoSmithKline is based in London where the culture is quite open innovations are welcomed and appreciated. However, in majority of countries where it operates, there is minimum acceptance of new ideas. Risks related to international business have huge impact on the cross-cultural management of GSK. Managing over one million employees in more than forty countries is evidently an operation that requires extreme skill, energy and time. According to Gollnhofer and Turkina (2015), political risks also contribute towards cultural imbalance in a company that is evident form GSKs case. The author put forth the case of Brexit, which were a political decision and its glaring impact on pharmaceutical companies in the UK. With the announcement of Britains exit from the EU, GSK is estimated to lose a good portion of its employees who hail from other European countries. However, Brexit is less likely to affect the revenues generated by GSK as the pound sterlings fall in link to the dollar is pro bably going to benefit the company, believed GSK officials. Focusing on cross-cultural aspect of GSKs global operations, although Brexit has affected its employee figures, it has certainly not hampered cross-cultural management in countries outside Europe. The company has directed its attention towards Asia, one of worlds fastest emerging markets of pharmaceutical that has the potential to yield unmatched profit. In order to rule the market however, GSK has to consider the risks related to government and industry regulations, societal regulations and most importantly, cultural regulations. Wang and Chung (2013), believes that the perfect strategy to win in Asia is to develop a workforce and an organizational culture that has the closest affinity to the regions culture. Cross-cultural aspect of global operations managed in GSK is further affected by the market risks faced by the pharmaceutical industry in the global market (Bremmer, 2014). Multinational companies have to go through lengthy processes to have access to an international market and then they have to adjust with the culture of that region. After going through all these, they have to focus on expenditure and revenue. With the emergence of local markets, these MNCs have to be always on their toes. Recommendations Although every firm faces business risks common to all, but multinational companies face risks that are unique and challenging, as already mentioned. In case of pharmaceutical MNCs like GlaxoSmithKline, the risks are further escalated by the industrys complex operations. In order to survive in the competitive global market, the company has to consider all the implications of the risks mentioned above. Cavusgil and Knight (2015), is of the view that the global economy is ever growing and multinational companies have abundant scope to develop given they mitigate the risks with proper strategies. Several ways are there to tackle risks while doing business globally. Some recommendations are given below that can be followed by GSK to manage business risks: It is recommended that the company should possess a legal base as an alternative if business processes are disturbed, by doing advance negotiation for compensation. Apart from that, the company can also opt for acquiring political risk insurance. It is recommended that the company should choose a production site that is low-cost so that wages could be managed easily in order to tackle financial risks. Currency risks can be managed by utilizing certain strategies such as option contracts and forwards and currency swaps. In order to tackle cross-cultural risks, GSK should develop advanced training for its employees to communicate properly with people from differing cultures. Managing operations in country that has a totally opposite culture is complicated and complex at the same time. Hence, the company must train its native employees. It is further recommended that GSK should adopt an alternative plan to retain its multicultural staff in case any political decision forces the company to sack them as it was seen in case of Brexit (Lavery, 2017). Conclusion It is thus evident from the above discussion that managing and maintaining international business in the face of such risks is very difficult. The report mentions one aspect of global operations for the pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline, which is cross-cultural management. It is a well-known fact that international business involves cross-cultural management and it is the most complex part of the company to manage. GSK boasts of more than a million employees working in over forty countries possessing different nationalities. In addition, the company disseminates medicines and vaccines to more than 150 million patients worldwide. Hence, it is evident from the facts that GSK deals with people from different cultures in its daily operations. The report elaborates the impact of international business risks that include political, commercial, exchange and cultural risks on GSK, which is a multinational pharmaceutical company. A brief description of the risks is provided in the report f ollowed by the types of international risks and their affect. The report further provides an overview of the company and its issues relating to cross-cultural management. The different risks and their influence on GSK have also been provided in the report. The report further mentions various recommendations that the company should follow in order to deal with these risks. References Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S. Y., Liu, Y., Glaister, K. W. (2016). Knowledge transfer and cross-border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural distance and employee retention.International Business Review,25(1), 66-75. Annualreport.gsk.com. (2018).GSK Annual Report 2016.Annualreport.gsk.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://annualreport.gsk.com/ Bondy, K., Starkey, K. (2014). The dilemmas of internationalization: Corporate social responsibility in the multinational corporation.British Journal of Management,25(1), 4-22. Bremmer, I. (2014). The new rules of globalization.Harvard Business Review,92(1), 103-107. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), 3-16. Chandra, A., Holmes, J., Skinner, J. (2013).Is this time different? The slowdown in healthcare spending(No. w19700). National Bureau of Economic Research. Dadfar, H., Dahlgaard, J. J., Brege, S., Alamirhoor, A. (2013). Linkage between organisational innovation capability, product platform development and performance: The case of pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises in Iran.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,24(7-8), 819-834. DiMasi, J. A., Grabowski, H. G., Hansen, R. W. (2016). Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: new estimates of RD costs.Journal of health economics,47, 20-33. Dinu, A. M. (2015). Risk Types in International Trade.Knowledge Horizons. Economics,7(1), 92. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/18/pfizer-corporate-culture-david-simmons-leadership-managing-innovation.html#5452583875ae Giuliani, E., Gorgoni, S., Gnther, C., Rabellotti, R. (2014). Emerging versus advanced country MNEs investing in Europe: A typology of subsidiary globallocal connections.International Business Review,23(4), 680-691. Gollnhofer, J. F., Turkina, E. (2015). Cultural distance and entry modes: implications for global expansion strategy.Cross cultural management,22(1), 21-41. Gsk.com. (2018).Governance | GSK.Gsk.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/about-us/governance/ Hutson, E., Laing, E. (2014). Foreign exchange exposure and multinationality.Journal of Banking Finance,43, 97-113. Contractor, F. (2013). Punching above their weight The sources of competitive advantage for emerging market multinationals.International Journal of Emerging Markets,8(4), 304-328. Jaberidoost, M., Nikfar, S., Abdollahiasl, A., Dinarvand, R. (2013). Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review.DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,21(1), 69. Kim, K. K., Park, K. S. (2014). Transferring and sharing exchange-rate risk in a risk-averse supply chain of a multinational firm.European Journal of Operational Research,237(2), 634-648. Kot, S., Dragon, P. (2015). Business risk management in international corporations.Procedia Economics and Finance,27, 102-108. Lavery, S. (2017). Defend and extend: British business strategy, EU employment policy and the emerging politics of Brexit.The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,19(4), 696-714. Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S. G., Aguilera, R. V. (2015). New varieties of state capitalism: Strategic and governance implications.The Academy of Management Perspectives,29(1), 115-131. Pharma.elsevier.com. (2018).How will Brexit effect Multinationals and Pharmaceutical Companies?.Pharma.elsevier.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018, from https://pharma.elsevier.com/pharma-rd/how-will-brexit-effect-multinationals-and-pharmaceutical-companies/ Stahl, G. K., Tung, R. L. (2015). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), 391-414. Tarasanski, P. (2017). Brexit: Changing Dynamics of Corporate Financial Risks, Return, and Performance: Case Companies: BP, Royal Bank of Scotland, Marks Spencer, GlaxoSmithKline, EasyJet. Wang, C. L., Chung, H. F. (2013). The moderating role of managerial ties in market orientation and innovation: An Asian perspective.Journal of Business Research,66(12), 2431-2437.

Competitive Space Technologies in US

In the twentieth century people learnt to use the outer space and enjoyed the benefits of this use. However, in the twenty-first century many states are more concerned about the fact that â€Å"the same technologies that benefit humanity are pressed into service as weapons† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 159). The development of space technology in the USA and the U.S. Space Policy brought these concerns to the fore.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Space Technologies in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that nowadays the outer space is already inhabited by more than 500 satellites which are used for military purposes, e.g. for communication, imaging and meteorology (jonlottman 2008). The USA is one of the leaders of the space technology and it is trying to find new ways of exploring and using the outer space. In 2006 National Space Policy (NSP) was unveiled. Reporte dly, it can be regarded by other states â€Å"as highly nationalistic at best and aggressively militaristic at worst† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 161). In fact, the new NSP â€Å"treats space as one more potential battlefield† and is aimed at defending the US national security. Nevertheless, the line between military defense and attack is almost absent especially when it deals with the outer space. Admittedly, all states try to develop their space technology to keep up with such countries as the USA, or Russia and China. For instance, Iran launched Omid satellite in February 2009 (Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report 2010). Such projects are often regarded by many states as a potential threat to the security of each country and the peace in the world. For instance, at the 2002 Carnegie International Nonproliferation Conference scientists and specialists from many countries discussed the issues of space weaponization. Weaponization is defined as â€Å"the acti ve application of force in space to either terrestrial or space based targets† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The participants of the conference revealed their concerns about the development of space technologies and their use by the USA and other countries. It was also mentioned that the U.S. policy makes other countries develop their own space technologies.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Admittedly, this can lead to space weapon proliferation and can become a real threat to humanity. In spite of the fact that the US administration officials declare that the USA is against weapon proliferation, when it deals with the space the US policy is quite inconsistent since the state â€Å"explicitly voted against† treaties â€Å"banning space weapons† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The major claim of the US officials can be expressed with the help of th e statement of Christine Rocca, U.S. Ambassador: â€Å"†¦we continue to believe that there is no arms race in space, and therefore no problem for arms control to solve† (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 167). Such position leads to certain tension. It goes without saying that weapon proliferation is a potential threat if at least one state is developing space technology in military purposes. For instance, the US policy is a kind of stimulus for other countries to develop their space technology to defend themselves from potential threats. There can be no balance in the world where some countries go further in weaponization. In conclusion, the use of space technology by the USA is often an example for other states to develop their space technology. Whereas several decades ago the outer space was used for imaging, communication and entertainment, now it is regarded as a potential battlefield. It is important to state that many countries express their concern about space wea ponization and try to work out strategies aimed at diminishing weapon proliferation. Nevertheless, it is necessary to stress that each state should follow the principles of nonproliferation and disarmament, since otherwise proliferation cannot be stopped. Reference List Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. 2010. February,  https://www.defense.gov/ . Johnson-Freese, Joan and Thomas M. Nichols. 2007. † Space, Security, and the New Nuclear Triad.† Brown Journal of World Affairs XIV, no. 1 (Fall/Winter): 159-172.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Space Technologies in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More jonlottman. 2008. â€Å"The Proliferation Threat #6 of 6: Weapons in Space.† Youtube, July 2,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrwrR6DElRE . This essay on Competitive Space Technologies in US was written and submitted by user Leonard Nash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hygiene and Infection Control Essays

Hygiene and Infection Control Essays Hygiene and Infection Control Paper Hygiene and Infection Control Paper 1.What is the employer’s role in infection control and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? 1.2/5.6 Employers must provide their employees with appropriate PPE and ensure that PPE is disposed or, if reusable, that it is properly cleaned or laundered, repaired and stored after use. Employer responsibilities: requirement for employer to provide appropriate PPE according to work activities without charge to employee; to train employee as appropriate in use of PPE, reporting mechanisms. 2.What is your role in infection control and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? 1.1/5.5 To use the PPE that your employer has suppliedUsing gloves and changing your gloves when dealing with personal care, toileting and dealing with bodily fluids, also to protect an open wound on your hands.Using aprons to prevent contamination passed through your clothing on to or from a person to also protect your clothes and uniform.Using hand sanitizer after washing your hands for extra protection it may also be used if you feel unsafe to touch or the is no hand washing facilities 3.List and explain some current legislation and regulations or standards that are relevant to infection control and prevention. Include those relating to PPE 2.1/5.4 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Both employers and employees are responsible for their own actions in the workplace. All reasonable steps should be taken when carrying out your work duties and all staff should have adequate health and safety training, and measures should be taken to ensure that policies and procedures are in place and adhered to. For example, it is the employers’ responsibility to provide adequate protective equipment and the employee’s responsibility to use it appropriately The Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984 Provides information on the legal requirements for the reporting of contagious or infectious diseases, for example, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, HIV and Legionella. Food Safety Act 1990 The requirements of this act apply to any area where food is prepared, stored or eaten. Control is required to ensure that the risks of any infection, as a result of bad handling of food, are minimised. Keep themselves and their workplace clean Wear suitable clean, washable or disposable, protective clothing Protect food from any possible contamination Abide by regulations setting out safe temperature controls for storage, preparation and display of food Inform their employer of any illness which may affect their safe handling of food. 4,What is your organisational policy called? Describe the main points of this policy and some of the procedures that you have to follow. 2.2/3.1 Health and safety polices are in the policies and procedures it tell us about what to do to prevent infection control it tells us how to put gloves on and how to wash our hands also there are posters up in the toilets, how to tie our hair up, cleaning equipment, how to deal with waste and how and when to take special precautions and how not to spread infection. Organisational procedures are normally found in written form in the employee’s manual and in the policies and procedures. 5.What would be the potential impact of an outbreak of infection upon individuals and the organisation? 3.2 Cost implication, staff sickness levels, reduction in patient and public confidence, litigation, not delivering regulatory standards ; on employees; loss of confidence in organisation, loss of earnings, fear of risk of infection and infecting family members. 6.List some potential risks of infection in the workplace 4.2 Potential risks of infection: risk of illness and death particularly (the very old, people with illness or health problems); risk to staff of illness especially those involved in high risk activities (nursing those with infection, contact with bodily fluids which may be contaminated), environments where food preparation is carried out or where the disposal of hazardous waste is carried out’ 7,Describe the process of carrying out a risk assessment. 4.3 Risk assessment process: idetifying hazards; assessing risks; eliminating risks where possible; reducing risks where they cannot be eliminated; recording the risk assessment process; disseminating findings to all concerned, regular reviews of risks to ensure suitable controls are in place; reporting of outbreaks of infectious or notifiable diseases; risk assessment as a continuous process which is the responsibility of organisations and individuals 8.Why is it important to carry out risk assessments in relation to infection prevention and control? Give an example of this in your workplace 4.4 Importance of risk assessment: legal requirement of health and safety legislation to carry out and document risk assessment; proven safe way to control infection if implemented properly by all staff Exanples of Gloves and Aprons Plastic disposable gloves aprons should be worn whenever there is a possibility of contact with blood/body fluids. A separate one should be worn for each occasion of care given to each individual resident. Never reuse or wash single-use disposable glovesaprons. Change gloves and aprons between caring for different residents, and between different tasks for the same resident, if necessary to prevent cross-contamination. Removal of gloves and aprons Remove gloves and apron promptly after use by turning the outer contaminated side inward and rolling into a ball. Dispose of immediately into a pedal operated bin. Wash hands. 9.What type of PPE do you use and when may be used? 5.2/5.3 Types of PPE: single use such as plastic aprons, gloves, face masks etc re-usable such as uniforms Reasons for PPE: protection of staff; protection of service users/patients; prevention of cross infection between individuals 10.Describe how you apply, use, remove and dispose of PPE? 5.5/5.7/5.8 Correct use of PPE including application and removal; using appropriate PPE for work activity; preparation for use Disposal: appropriate disposal of single use items e.g. in clinical/hazardous waste where appropriate; preparation of re-usable items for re-use e.g. sending to laundry appropriately labelled etc: following policies, procedures and guidelines. Example for the Using , Removing and Disposal of gloves- Putting on: Select correct glove size and type. Perform hand hygiene. Pull to cover wrists. Taking off: Grasp the outside of the glove with the opposite gloved hand and peel off. Hold the removed glove in the gloved hand. Slot your finger under the lip of the remaining glove and peel it off, taking care not touch the contaminated outer surface. Dispose of the gloves in the clinical waste bin. Perform hand hygiene. 11.List some good principles of personal hygiene? 6.1 Good personal hygiene: importance of personal hygiene in infection control; personal hygiene routines when preparing for work eg hair washing, fingernails; situations of personal and family illness which could increase infection risks at work; absence reporting procedure, and healthcare checks required before returning to work following illness; vaccinations required for work; appropriate clothing for different work areas; appropriate footwear; how to care for work wear; reasons for restrictions on wearing make-up and jewellery; effective hair care

Belief in People and Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Belief in People and Team - Essay Example As a leader, one realizes that one has to focus on that common interest to make sure that the organization functioned effectively. As Dr. Bennis has pointed out in his writings, it is essential that the leader create a sense of mission (ASAE Foundation, 2004). That is exactly what one did to keep the organization to a good start. The group started out by defining the mission and vision statements. One had to make sure that everyone in the organization believed in the objectives that were set. One knew that as the leader of the group, one has to rally them towards the attainment of the goals. The next step was to engage and motivate the members (ASAE Foundation, 2004). The problem that one faced is how to motivate each one of them. One realized that to be able to motivate them it is essential that one gets acquainted with each individual and uncover what drives them into action. One has to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of each member to be able to assign them to jobs which wi ll put their talents and skills to their best use. This is a point which Dr. Bennis emphasized in his book, that is, a leader should determine the highest potential of each member (1994). One did this by letting each member fill out a questionnaire where they were asked their qualifications, interests, talents and hobbies. After going through the form, one got an idea which person may be appointed to do a certain duty. As a leader, one got to know his members better and identified the things that motivate them. Another unforgettable experience that one had about leading the organization was when one had to introduce changes in the previous system established by the past president. The past president required that each member report directly to him about the donations that were gathered for the projects of the group. One believed that the organization would function better if they were divided into groups which were

Sex Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex Crime - Essay Example "After a three-year period of consultation with those dealing with crimes and sexual offences, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 came into force on 1 May 2004" (The Office for Criminal Justice Reform, 2006, p.12). The sexual offences act, 2003 has revealed a detailed discussion as regards consent in regard to rape. The Law Lords overturned this common law idea that marriage means a man has a 'continual' consent from his wife for sexual activity at any time (R v. R [1992]). Thomas (2005) describes as "[t]his was later brought into statute in 1994, now in Sexual offences Act 2003" (p.11). The present paper is intended to justify whether the guidance of consent as provided in the said enactment is proper or warrants further explanation and amendment. The Sexual Offences Act, 2003 has been designed to make the process easier and convenient for prosecuting people who use physical force to others for having sex despite the unwillingness of the other party. The legislation provides that a person would not be charged with the offence if he or she intends to protect a child from sexually transmitted infection, from physical safety of the child or from becoming pregnant. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 has made a greater legal protection for victims by clarifying the law on consent. Section 1 of the Act states, a person commits an offence of rape if he intentionally penetrates to the vagina, anus or mouth of another person despite her reluctance. The phraseology "reasonable belief" as enunciated in section 1 is determined in regard to the particular context of a given circumstance. Section 74 of the Act defines consent as stating that a person is presumed to give consent if he agrees by choice, and has the freedom and capacity to make tha t choice. Section 75 provides a list of circumstances where it may be considered that the victim or complainant did not consent to the said sexual interaction. From a perusal of section 76, it is clear that if (a) the defendant intentionally deceive the complainant as to the nature or purpose of the relevant act; or (b) the defendant intentionally induce the complainant to consent to the relevant act, it is presumed that the victim did not give his or her consent. As per the provisions of section 79(2) penetration is a continuing act from entry to withdrawal and if the victim consents to penetration but withdraws consent after penetration, the accused must withdraw his penis immediately.Consent in the sexual offences ActConsent must be obtained peacefully and without the use of force or violence. If it is obtained by force, threat or inducement or any other unlawful means, said consent would be declared as void and illegal. The meaning of the term "consent" as given in the Sexual offence act, 2003 is an aiding tool for the juries in deciding whether the victim was able to give or did actually give his or her consent to the said sexual transaction. In this connection, the defendant must show that his belief in consent was reasonable and obtained in due manner and a jury must consider all the circumstances including any step which he has taken to ascertain in determining whether the vi

Integration of Aristotles Four Causes and Ego Psychology Essay Example for Free

Integration of Aristotles Four Causes and Ego Psychology Essay Ego Psychology Theory is based on Freud’s structure of mind model of identity, ego, and superego elaborated in more detail. Individuals have different ego controlling between primitive drives and realities. Individuals always deal with identities, drives and egos. However, if one has good control with ego, they can express their desire, drives and morals in realistic and socially appropriate ways. If failed, one confronts difficulties such as conflict with inner self and loss of mature interpersonal relationship. However, throughout lifetime, individuals change their feelings and behaviors to better fit their needs or minimize their conflict between primitive drives and realities. The material cause for ego psychology is identity and ego. Individuals are born with primitive drives, sexual desires, and egos which enable to organize their identity, drives and synthesize judgment, defined as decisions toward another in feelings, or to be aware of drives that affects feelings in accord with reality. In other words, ego can give a right direction for or control identity drives, whether it is satisfied or not in light of reality. The formal cause of ego psychology is ego development which is follows by means of the individuals needs, e. g. , affiliation with others, learning, etc. Hartmann says that we must develop â€Å"autonomous ego-development† (Hartmann, 1958, p, 101). The ego must be understood in relation with the individuals needs and drives, traits, expectations, and values. According to Hartmann, peoples defense mechanism develop their ego. Hartmann pointed out that â€Å"the defense processes may simultaneously serve both the control of instinctual drive and adaptation to the external world. † (Hartmann, 1958, p. 51) The efficient cause is adaptation â€Å"reality mastering† and a reciprocated relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The outcome of successful adaptation implies â€Å"fitting together† (Hartmann 1958, p, 36). If individuals overcome their conflicts, they are lead to their functions which are more or less closely related to the perceive reality. Therefore, successful adaptation embeds an individual in an environment. Also, it solves conflict among individual needs, capacities, and their environments due to the complicated tendencies of defensive egos. In early stages the ego is focused on differentiating itself from others and on affirming its separate existence though expression of drives. Later, the individuals begin to learn rules of conduct to follow in order to avoid group criticism (Martin,1981). The impact of interpersonal and environmental factors is thought to be crucial to the evolution of mature ego functions during the lifelong developmental process. The final cause of ego psychology is to find better adaptation and sustain ego function with regard to individual needs to adapt to their environments, drives, traits, and expectations. Other manifestations of social functioning problems and self regulation and control of drives affect other peoples perceptions is central to the development of an individuals behaviors and are appropriate in certain circumstances. People, because of their inevitable and requisite relationship with the world, are subject to change their attitudes, behaviors, and even their egos in order to cope with the changes and demands of other people around them and in the group they belong in. References Irving M. Rosen. (1968) Ego psychology of the adult years.Journal of Religion and Health, Volume 7, Number 3 PDF (243. 6 KB) Retrieved May 2, 2008, from SpringerLink database. Hartmann, Heinz. (1958) Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation. New York, NY: International Universities Press. Martin A, James. (2000) Ego psychology notes. Retrieved Apr. 2, 2008, from http://www. brynmawr. edu/Acads/GSSW/jam/switr/991415. htm Martin, Grotjahn. (1981) The therapeutic group process in the light of developmental ego Psychology. Group, Volume 5. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from SpringerLink database.

Essay --

Jonathan Etra Professor Eric Blanchard International Politics 13 February 2014 Word Count: 1331 Shifting Paradigms: An Analysis of Conflict and Cooperation in International Politics When seeking to understand the central problems that actors face in international politics, there are no universal tools, including paradigms and levels of analysis, that unilaterally account for the global state of affairs. However, by utilizing these instruments, political scientists are able to analyze situations independently and account for context. Paradigms are statements of the underlying assumptions used by a school of analysis such as realism, liberalism and constructivism (Nye & Welch, 62). The models often explore levels of analysis, which include individual actors, states and the global system. Historically, when considering cooperation and conflict in the international arena, much emphasis has been placed on realist theory. However, it seems that a new age of technological innovation and rapid globalization has spawned new avenues for liberalism to triumph. This transition is best explained through the lens of constructivism. By exploring the varying applicability of t he paradigms presented, one gains a greater understanding of the ever-evolving international arena. First, it is important to consider the anarchic system of states, the current form of world politics. In the anarchical system, states are unboundedly independent and are neither obligated to, nor protected by international law (Doyle, 114). In what is often referred to as the Westphalian model, states are political entities that have territoriality and autonomy. Territoriality means that a state’s authority extends over a defined area. Autonomy infers that external act... ... However, the increasingly interdependent nature of the international system has substantially augmented international collaboration. While such cooperation cannot ensure peace, it certainly has made the cost of war much greater. Constructivism and liberalism, unlike the Hobbesian realist perspective, take mitigating institutions into account when analyzing world order. They reason that self-help theory does not dominate and contend that when a system is more social, laws, rules and norms play a greater role. Yet, there are still situations in which the channels of alleviation do not exist and the realist perspective still dominates. Ultimately, while no universal system of analysis exists, by reviewing conflict and cooperation through varying lenses, namely realism, liberalism and constructivism, one can gain a considerable understanding of international politics.

Counselling Skills Essay

Interviews require the use of skills – for example, careful listening, noting nonverbal cues, monitoring the progress of what a client is saying while participating and taking notes, and require careful planning and preparation. A counselling interview (taken from ICCS Diploma of Counselling Participants’ manual) is structured by a number of phases in the session. They are: * Phase 1- Arrival (5 mins) * Phase 2- Connecting (10 mins) * Phase 3- Exploring the client’s world (30 mins) * Phase 4- Taking action (10 mins) * Phase 5- Closure (5 mins) Communication techniques including counselling micro skills Good communication techniques are imperative to the counselling session. 1) The counsellor aims to get the client to talk freely and openly. Micro skills used: Attending behaviour, such as appropriate eye contact, attentive body language, and communicates genuineness. 2) The counsellor tries to clarify and gather information from the client Micro skills used: Active listening, reflection of content/ paraphrasing to clarify. Use open and closing questions, and summarising to gather more information. Use minimal prompts, encouragers and reflection of feeling. 3) The counsellor offers empathy and understanding to the client and builds rapport, relationship and trust. Micro skills used: Reflection of feeling, warmth, genuineness, respect and congruence. Communication barriers and resolution strategies A communication barrier is anything that prevents one from receiving and understanding the messages others use to convey their ideas, thoughts and information. These barriers may be related to the message, internal barriers related to thoughts and feelings, or external barriers. Internal barriers include: fatigue, disinterest, poor listening skills, past experiences with the client, home or work problems. (QCOSS, 2007) External barriers include: noise and other distractions, unpleasant environment, problems with technology or equipment. (QCOSS, 2007) Skilled listeners attempt to be objective by consciously trying to understand the speaker without letting their personal opinions influence the message of the speaker’s words. They try to understand what the client wants to communicate, not what they want to understand. Effective counsellors will use alternate resolution strategies to overcome barriers, such as interpreter services, communication boards, translating equipment, sign language, and referrals to other professionals if required. Aim of counselling interview The main aim of the counselling relationship is the view to Phase 4- Termination. The counselling interview is to empower the client into making clear decisions, expressing an understanding and non-judgemental observation whilst building a trust relationship, and to assist in goal setting if required. Observational techniques, including facial expressions, non- verbal behaviour, posture and silences. A study by Albert Mehrabian in 1971 provided some interesting information about the relative importance of verbal and non-verbal messages in determining the receiver’s impression of the sender’s emotions. On average, words contribute to 7% of total influence, while tone of voice and visual clues contributed 38% and 55% respectively. (Mehrabian. A, 1971) Gerard Egan defined the acronym SOLER as part of his â€Å"Skilled Helper† staged approach to counselling. It is a non-verbal listening process used in communication. The following was retrieved from Steven Lucas’ (2012) Counselling Central webpage: S: Sitting squarely says â€Å"I’m here with you, I’m available to you.† Turning your body away from another person while you talk to him or her can lessen your degree of contact with that person. If, for any reason, facing the person squarely is too threatening for them, then an angled position may be more helpful. O: Adopt an open posture. Crossed arms and/or crossed legs can be a sign of lessened involvement with or availability to others. An open posture says you are open to the client and what he or she has to say. It is non-defensive in nature. L: It is possible to lean in towards the client. It says, â€Å"I’m with you, I’m interested in you and what you have to say.† Leaning back can suggest the opposite. Remember not to lean too far forward, or this may be seen as placing a demand on the client. He or she may find it intimidating. E: Maintain good eye contact. It’s another way of saying, â€Å"I’m interested, I’m with you.† Remember this is not the same as staring. You will need to look away every so often, in order not to stare, but monitor the amount you look away. It could say something about your own level of comfort/discomfort. R: Be relaxed or natural. If you are fidgeting nervously it will distract the client. Being relaxed also tells the client that you are comfortable with using your body as a vehicle of personal contact and expression. It helps put the client at ease. Client’s style of absorbing information including visual, auditory and kinaesthetic A client’s preferred style of absorbing information guides the way they learn. It also changes the way they internally represent experiences, the way they recall information, and even the words they choose. The best approach for a counsellor is to address a variety of learning styles when in a counselling session. It is also helpful to encourage the client to understand their preferred learning style, be it visual, auditory and/or kinaesthetic. The following information on the three main learning styles has been taken from B.W. James (2009) tutoring website: VISUAL- * take numerous detailed notes * tend to sit in the front * are usually neat and clean * often close their eyes to visualize or remember something * find something to watch if they are bored * like to see what they are learning * benefit from illustrations and presentations that use colour * are attracted to written or spoken language rich in imagery * prefer stimuli to be isolated from auditory and kinaesthetic distraction * find passive surroundings ideal AUDITORY- * sit where they can hear but needn’t pay attention to what is happening in front * may not coordinate colours or clothes, but can explain why they are wearing what they are wearing and why * hum or talk to themselves or others when bored * acquire knowledge by reading aloud * remember by verbalizing lessons to themselves (if they don’t they have difficulty reading maps or diagrams or handling conceptual assignments like mathematics). KINESTHETIC- * need to be active and take frequent breaks * speak with their hands and with gestures * remember what was done, but have difficulty recalling what was said or seen * find reasons to tinker or move when bored * rely on what they can directly experience or perform * activities such as cooking, construction, engineering and art help them perceive and learn * enjoy field trips and tasks that involve manipulating materials * sit near the door or someplace else where they can easily get up and move around * are uncomfortable in classrooms where they lack opportunities for hands-on experience * communicate by touching and appreciate physically expressed encouragement, such as a pat on the back Cultural/ other differences working against development of client Consideration of the diversity of a client’s values, beliefs and cultural expectations is imperative for practising counsellors. Cultural differences working against the development of a client can be the client’s: * Religious and/or spiritual beliefs and values * Ethnicity and culture may have an impact on a client’s behaviour, eg different interpretations of body language * The client’s view of time and making and keeping strict appointment schedules * Cultural views of the social significance of age and gender Another factor towards inhibiting the development of a client is the counsellor’s lack of awareness of their own cultural background/experiences, attitudes, values, and biases that might influence their ability to assist clients from diverse cultural populations. It is essential that you correct any prejudices and biases you may have regarding different cultural groups. Self-evaluation, including biases, values and working from a client’s frame of reference Evaluating one’s performance as a counsellor is very important. Self-awareness of biases, values, attitudes and beliefs, and why we behave the way we do can assist us to differentiate between our own responses and that of our client. Some methods of self-evaluation used are: * Organisational feedback forms for clients * Internal online monkey surveys * External stakeholder surveys * Supervision As a counsellor, we can never work with a client from our own frame of reference. ‘Stepping in the shoes’ of the client from their viewpoint and seeing the client in the context of their culture, background and family helps us truly understand the client. Potential impacts of using identified communication skills and techniques in a range of counselling contexts Potential impacts of using identified communication skills in a range of counselling contexts can be rewarding and fruitful for both the client and counsellor. Communication techniques, such as challenging and confronting are not yet my forte, and I struggle with how I may apply it, but understand the impact of its purpose and usefulness. Building a rapport and trust, using micro skills, showing empathy, reflection of content and feeling, and working through communication barriers, impacts the client/counsellor relationship in a positive way. It is a privilege to share the client’s journey while they are in our lives.

The Prairie Schooner, Americas Classic Covered Wagon

The prairie schooner was the classic covered wagon that carried settlers westward across the North American plains. The nickname came from the typical white cloth cover on the wagon, which, from a distance, made it resemble the white cloth of a ships sails. Prairie Schooner The prairie schooner is often confused with the Conestoga wagon, but they are actually two very different types of wagons. Both were horse-drawn, of course, but the Conestoga wagon was much heavier and was first used by farmers in Pennsylvania to haul crops to market. The Conestoga wagon was often pulled by teams of up to six horses. Such wagons required reasonably good roads, such as the National Road, and were simply not practical for moving westward across the plains. The prairie schooner was a lighter wagon designed to travel great distances on rough prairie trails. And the prairie schooner  could usually be pulled by a single team of horses, or sometimes even one horse. As finding food and water for animals could present a serious problem while traveling, there was an advantage to using light wagons that required fewer horses. Depending on the circumstances, prairie schooners would also be pulled by oxen or mules. How They Were Used Adapted from light farm wagons, prairie schooners generally had a canvas cover, or bonnet, supported on wooden arches. The cover provided some protection from sun and rain. The cloth cover, which was typically supported on bows of wood (or occasionally iron) could be coated with various materials to make it waterproof. The prairie schooner would typically be packed very carefully, with heavy pieces of furniture, or crates of supplies, placed low in the wagon box to keep the wagon from tipping on rough trails. With the possessions of a typical family stowed aboard the wagon, there generally wasnt much room to ride inside. The ride was often pretty rough, as the suspension was minimal. So many emigrants heading westward would simply walk alongside the wagon, with only children or the elderly riding inside. When stopped for the night, families tended to sleep under the stars. In rainy weather, families would seek to stay dry by huddling under the wagon, rather than inside it. Groups of prairie schooners often traveled together in the classic wagon trains along such routes as the Oregon Trail. When the railroads expanded throughout the American West in the late 1800s there was no longer a need to travel great distances by prairie schooner. The classic covered wagons fell out of use but became an enduring symbol of the westward migration.